国内外能耗监测控制管理理论与实践

能耗监测是能源管理中的重要环节,国外不少国家在这方面都进行了积极的努力,制定了一些相关政策,并取得了一部分研究成果.我国于上世纪90年代初就出台了关于能耗监测的有关规定,2007年颁布的《单位GDP能耗监测体系实施方案》规定了能耗监测的主体、主要内容和指标.工业、交通运输和建筑是我国三大“耗能大户”,因此能耗监测研究和管理实践也主要集中在这三个领域.信息技术的发展为工业企业的能耗监测提供了基础平台,运用计算机信息技术对能耗实行现代化管理,成为企业实现信息化管理、降低成本的一种重要手段.道路交通约占我国交通运输业能耗的75％,因而对道路交通能耗的监测是交通运输业能耗监测的主要任务,而对机车能耗的监测是铁路运输能耗监测的主要内容之一.建筑能耗监测主要针对大型公共建筑,通过信息化手段进行信息采集及能耗监测.目前有关能耗监测的研究还处于起步阶段,尚未全面展开,能耗监测技术还不成熟,监测设备也不齐全.今后除了要继续探索能耗监测技术以外,还应重点加强对主要行业能耗监测控制管理体系的研究.

Energy Consumption Monitoring and Control Theories and Practices in China and Other Countries

Energy consumption monitoring is an important part of energy management.Many countries have made efforts in this area by working out a series of relevant policies and have achieved some progress.China already enacted some regulations on energy use monitoring back in the early 1990s and published the Energy Consumption in relation to GDP Monitoring System Implementation Plan in 2007,which set out the main players,main contents and targets of energy consumption monitoring.The manufacturing industry,the transportation industry and buildings are the three major energy consumers in China and therefore the energy consumption monitoring study and management practice focus on these three areas.The advancement of informa tion technology has provided a foundation platform for energy consumption monitoring for industrial enterprises and using computer information technology to achieve modernized management of energy use is an important approach for an enterprise to achieving informatization management and reducing cost.In China,road transport accounts for about 75% of the transportation industry ’s energy consumption.For this reason,monitoring the energy consumption in the road transport sector is the main content of energy use monitoring for the transporta tion industry.The monitoring of the energy consumption of locomotives is one of the main contents of the energy use monitoring for the railway transportation sector.The main contents of building energy use monitoring are collecting information and monitoring energy use by large public buildings by means of information technology.China’ s studies on energy consumption monitoring are still in an early stage and the country still lacks in proven energy use monitoring technology as well as monitoring equipment.Apart from continuing to research and develop energy use monitoring technology,China should step up its studies on energy consumption monitoring and control systems for major industries.