重油加工路线的优化及实践

随着世界原油重质化趋势的加剧,对重油的深度加工成为炼厂面临的重要课题之一。结合现有装置特点,开展技术理论分析,选择5种重油加工路线,并运用RSIM模型软件,比选了不同加工路线的经济效益,确定了最优路线,即:"催化裂化-溶剂脱沥青-延迟焦化-油浆拔头"组合加工工艺路线。该组合工艺工业应用表明,与优化前的加工方案相比,在重油加工流向中,溶剂脱沥青装置加工负荷增加,延迟焦化装置加工负荷显著下降。同时,延迟焦化和催化裂化装置的加工原料密度和残炭值上升,原料的劣质化性质明显。从产品分布看,全厂汽油、煤油和柴油合计收率上升1.42个百分点,且柴汽比下降0.11,全厂液体产品收率提高1.69个百分点,石油焦+沥青收率下降2.27个百分点,说明该组合工艺有助于改善产品分布。按2014年价格体系测算,每吨原油加工效益可增加63元。并且,随着装置苛刻度的加大和装置结构的完善,企业的经济效益会进一步扩大。

The Optimization and Practice of Heavy Oil Processing Schemes

As the crude oil used worldwide is increasingly heavy, deep processing of heavy crude oil has become one of the major challenges faced by refineries.Based on the existing processing units,researchers conducted a technical and theoretical analysis regarding this issue ,selected five heavy oil processing schemes, compared the economic efficiencies of these five schemes with the help of RSIM model software ,and deter- mined which is the best scheme,namely the combined processing scheme of ＂catalytic cracking - solvent deasphahing - delayed coking - oil slurry topping.The industrial application of this combined scheme shows that compared with the processing scheme used before the optimization,in the heavy oil processing flow,the solvent deasphalting unit saw an increase in its processing load and the delayed coking unit experienced a considerable decline in processing load.In addition,the feedstock densities and carbon residue values of the delayed coking unit and the catalytic cracking unit increased,meaning that the properties of the feedstock have deteriorated significantly.As for product distribution,the combined yield of gasoline,kerosene and diesel fuel at the refinery level increased 1.42 percentage points,the diesel-gasoline ratio dropped 0.11 ,the liquid yield at the refinery level increased 1.69 percentage points and the combined yield of petroleum coke and asphalt dropped 2.27 percentage points.These results suggest that this combined scheme can help improve product distribution.Based on the 2014 price system,the returns on processing one ton of crude oil are up 63 yuan.As processing severity increases and the structures of processing units continue to improve,the profit margins of refineries are set to rise.