燃煤电厂全过程低碳节能技术路径探讨

  目的  燃煤电厂的低碳节能路径是缓解我国能源危机与环境污染的重要策略。  方法  文章评述了当前燃煤电厂在燃料供应设计阶段和节能运行维护阶段的低碳节能技术以及低碳技术潜在的发展方向。  结果  对于电厂燃料供应设计阶段的低碳技术应优化生物质/氨与煤的掺烧比例，良好的掺烧比例有利于炉内充分燃烧，降低碳排；电厂节能运行维护阶段吸收技术、吸附技术和气体分离技术是碳颗粒捕集的常用手段，同时储能技术、深度调峰技术、柔性直流供电技术对于CO₂减排具有重要作用。  结论  对电厂低碳技术发展进行展望，认为采用综合互补低碳协同方式，并结合电厂运行过程中的监管反馈调控措施，将是促进电厂可持续能源发展的重要发展方向。

Discussion on the Whole Process Low-Carbon Energy Saving Technology Path of Coal-Fired Power Plants

  Introduction  Low carbon emission technology of coal-fired power plant is an important strategy to alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution in China.   Method  The low-carbon emission reduction path and potential development direction of low-carbon technology in fuel supply design stage and energy-saving operation and maintenance stage of current coal-fired power plants were reviewed.   Result  For the low-carbon technology in the design stage of power plant fuel supply, the ratio of biomass/ammonia and coal mixing should be optimized. A good ratio of biomass/ammonia mixing and burning should be fully burned in the furnace to reduce carbon emissions. Absorption technology, adsorption technology, and gas separation technology are common means of carbon particle capture in the energy-saving operation and maintenance stage of the power plant. At the same time, the important role of energy storage technology, deep peak regulating technology, and flexible DC power supply technology on the CO₂ emission reduction path is expounded.   Conclusion  Finally, the development of low carbon technology in power plants is prospected. It is considered that the adoption of a comprehensive complementary and low carbon collaborative way, combined with the regulatory feedback control measures in the operation process of power plants. It will be an important development direction to promote the sustainable energy development of power plants.