GB/T 38591—2020《建筑抗震韧性评价标准》与国际相关标准对比研究

建筑抗震韧性是指建筑结构在设定水准地震作用后维持和迅速恢复使用功能的能力。建立系统化的抗震韧性评价方法是建设抗震韧性建筑乃至韧性城市的重要组成部分。国际上从2012年起提出和发展了建筑抗震韧性评价方法，形成了多本韧性评价标准或指南。中国GB/T 38591—2020《建筑抗震韧性评价标准》于2020年3月31日发布，将于2021年2月1日起实行。为了对比GB/T 38591—2020与国际相关标准所评定的建筑抗震韧性水平，介绍了建筑抗震韧性评价方法的发展和基本流程，说明并比较了各标准计算韧性指标的不同策略，包括建筑修复费用、建筑修复时间和人员伤亡。采用算例说明了修复策略、次序和工人数量对建筑修复时间的显著影响，并对比了不同标准划定韧性建筑等级的判别标准。分析发现，GB/T 38591—2020在计算建筑修复时间、人员伤亡和判定抗震韧性等级方面与国际相关标准差别显著，且其所包含的不确信性范围小于国际相关标准。GB/T 38591—2020所评定的一星建筑的韧性水平约等同于或略高于REDi的银级建筑或USRC的4星建筑。

Comparative study on GB/T 38591-2020'Standard for seismic resilience assessment of buildings'and relevant international standards

The seismic resilience of buildings refers to the ability of buildings to maintain and recover to the original functions after a certain level of earthquake. In order to develop seismic resilient buildings and cities, it is important to establish a systematic assessment methodology to quantify their resilience. The research on seismic resilience assessment dates back to 2012 and several international standards and guides have been released. On 31st March, 2020, the GB/T 38591—2020 ‘Standard for seismic resilience assessment of buildings’ was released and will come into effect on 1st February, 2021. To compare the resilience level of buildings assessed by GB/T 38591—2020 with relevant international standards, the development history and fundamental procedure of seismic resilience assessment of buildings was introduced, and the calculating strategy of resilience indexes of each standard, including the building repair cost, building repair time and casualties was specified. A case study was used to illustrate the significant effects of repair strategy, repair sequence and numbers of workers on evaluating the building repair time. The judgment criteria of determining different resilience levels were compared for the national standard and relevant international standards. The results show that there are major differences between GB/T 38591—2020 and relevant international standards in terms of calculating the building repair time, casualties and judgment criteria. GB/T 38591—2020 considers a smaller range of uncertainty than relevant international standards. The one-star building assessed by GB/T 38591—2020 has approximately the same or a higher resilience level than the silver building judged by REDi rating system and the four-star building judged by USRC rating system.