核电站在大型商用客机撞击下损伤破坏研究进展

2001年9·11事件后，美国核能管理委员会、核能研究院和能源部以及我国核安全局相继出台相关规范，明确规定核电站设计必须考虑大型商用客机的意外和恐怖性撞击作用。从飞机机身的整体撞击效应、引擎局部撞击效应以及核岛厂房结构振动3方面，回顾了核电站重要基础设施在飞机撞击下损伤破坏的理论模型、原型和缩尺试验以及数值仿真研究等的工作进展，对课题组近年来在该领域的研究工作进行了简要介绍，包括4种典型飞机（F4战斗机、空客A320、A380和新舟MA600）和4类核岛设施（预应力钢筋混凝土屏蔽厂房、普通钢筋混凝土屏蔽与附属厂房、钢板混凝土屏蔽与附属厂房，普通钢筋混凝土大型冷却塔）的精细化有限元模型及其撞击全过程的数值仿真分析。此外，介绍了引擎撞击普通钢筋混凝土和超高性能混凝土靶板的缩尺试验和数值模拟分析工作，以及引擎撞击局部效应的计算方法。最后，指出了该领域已有研究在撞击力计算、整体响应、局部破坏、振动效应和多灾害作用方面的不足和进一步研究方向的建议。

State of the art for damage and failure of nuclear power plant under large commercial aircraft impact

After the september 11, 2001 event, a series of regulations was issued by USA Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Nuclear Energy Institute, Department of Energy as well as National Nuclear Safety Administration of China. It is specified that the newly built nuclear power plant (NPP) should be designed to resist the accidental impact and terrorist attack by large commercial aircraft. In the present paper, from the three aspects, e.g., integral responses of NPP under aircraft fuselage impact, local responses of NPP under aircraft engine impact, structural vibrations of nuclear island buildings, the state of the art in the theoretical model, prototype and reduced scale modelling test, numerical simulations for the damage and failure of nuclear island infrastructures under large commercial aircraft impact were reviewed comprehensively. Furthermore, our recent work in the above areas were briefly introduced, inducing the fine finite element models of four typical aircrafts (F4 fighter, Airbus A320, A380, MA600), four NPP infrastructures (prestressed RC NPP containment, RC NPP containment and auxiliary buildings, steel concrete NPP containment and auxiliary buildings, RC large-scale cooling tower), as well as the reproductions of the whole collision processes based on numerical simulations. Besides, the reduced scale engine impact test on normal RC and ultra-high performance concrete target plates, the corresponding numerical simulations, as well as the calculation approach for the terminal ballistic parameters of engine were introduced. Finally, the shortages in the existing work such as calculation of impact force, intergral response, local damage, vibration effect and multi-hazard impact, and the future research recommendations were pointed out.