北京“三山五园”地区的景观变迁和破碎化分析

“三山五园”地区是北京西郊清代皇家园林历史文化保护区，包括颐和园、圆明园、香山静宜园、玉泉山静明园等皇家园林以及联系它们的外围缓冲地带。除了具有重要的文化价值之外，这一地区还拥有优越的自然生态环境条件，是北京市重要的生态屏障之一，对改善北京市整体生态环境有重要作用。近些年，随着城镇化的快速发展，区域内大量的商业活动和建设活动使景观三山五园地区的景观发生了改变，破碎化程度不断加深，直接影响了这一区域景观的整体性，成为区域生态格局的建设和文化遗产保护的障碍。本文通过对这一区域2003年，2007年、2011年、2015年4个时段景观变迁和破碎化程度进行分析，揭示出“三山五园”地区内景观破碎化的空间分布和内部水平差异，为三山五园地区的整体保护和发展提供参考。

The Landscape Evolution And Fragmentation Analysis Of The Three Hills And Five Gardens In Beijing

The ‘Three Hils and Five Gardens’ refers to a historical cultural conservation region for royal gardens of Qing Dynasty located in the western suburbs of Beijing. The conservation region consists of three hils (the Fragrant Hil, the Jade Spring Hil, and the Longevity Hil), five gardens (the Jingyi Garden, the Jingming Garden, the Summer Palace, the Winter Palace, and the Changchun Garden) and peripheral buffer zones linking them together. Besides of its important cultural value, the region has a superior natural ecological environment which makes it as an ecological barrier of Beijing and is important in the aspect of improving the overal ecological environment of Beijing. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization, a large number of commercial activities and construction activities in the region make the degree of landscape fragmentation continue to deepen and break the integrity of landscape. Those problems become obstacles of regional ecological pattern construction and cultural heritage conservation. This paper analyzed the features and dynamics of landscape in four periods (2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015). The analysis results revealed the spatial distribution and local differences of landscape fragmentation in this region and provided a reference for the space integrity protection and sustainable development of the region.