云南拉祜族传统聚落“卡”形态特征分析

拉祜族是云南省独有的少数民族，拉祜语“卡”是村寨（聚落）的意思，“卡”作为拉祜族特有的乡村聚落，展现了拉祜族各历史时期的社会组织形态与社会经济形态。“卡”是珍贵的历史文化遗产，也是值得研究与保护的传统聚落。目前保存较为完整和集中的拉祜族传统聚落“卡”主要位于云南澜沧拉祜族自治县内。选取澜沧地区的拉祜族传统聚落“卡”作为研究对象，从形态的角度切入，分析其自然人文环境并追溯“卡”形态特征的成因，通过定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，归纳出团状内向型、带状延展型和枝状组合型三种类型的传统聚落“卡”形态特征，并详尽分析其聚落空间形态内的构成要素。以期在当今乡村振兴战略实施的背景下，为云南少数民族传统村落保护发展研究提供新的视角与内容。

Morphological characteristic analysis of the traditional settlement "ka" of the Lahu ethnic group in Yunnan

The Lahu ethnic group is a unique minority in Yunnan Province. In the Lahu language, "ka" means village (settlement). As a unique rural settlement of the Lahu ethnic group, the "ka" shows the social organization and social economic form of the Lahu people during each historical period. The Lahu "ka", which are now relatively complete and concentrated, are mainly located in the Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan. The article selects the Lahu "ka" in the Lancang area for studies from the perspective of morphology, analyzing its natural human environment and tracing the causes of the "ka" morphological features. The study summarizes the three types of the "ka" settlement's morphological characteristics: inward-looking, strip-like, and branch-like combination through both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, with a detailed analysis of the constituent elements in the spatial form of the settlement. The goal is to provide a new perspective and content for studying the protection and development of traditional ethnic minority villages in the context of the implementation of the current rural revitalization strategy.