基于文化地理学的少数民族传统村落及民居研究

加强少数民族传统村落及民居研究对于维护民族多元文化生态，促进乡村文化振兴具有重要意义。针对少数民族村落及民居研究和保护的紧迫性，讨论了文化地理学对于少数民族村落及民居研究的适用性，从文化生态与景观、文化扩散与整合、文化源流与区划、地方文化与制度、综合演变机制等方面阐释了文化地理学对少数民族村落及民居研究的方法与优势，探讨了文化地理学对于揭示少数民族传统村落特色文化内涵与特质的路径，为深化学科研究和保护少数民族村落及民居提供了较好的研究范式与应用基础。并以瑶族为例，初步提出了少数民族村落及民居研究的框架，旨在进一步推动少数民族村落及民居研究的广度与深度。

Research on Ethnic Minority Traditional Villages and Dwellings based on Cultural Geography

  As one of the largest cultural landscapes in human society, the traditional village reflects regional human-earth relations and has distinctive ethnic characteristics. Relative to the villages of Han nationality, traditional villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities are more influenced by population size, social development, cultural integration, and natural environments and have obvious vulnerability. In recent times, with the development of urbanization, industrialization, modernization, ethnic integration, and economic development, there is a risk of cultural convergence and loss of the characteristics of the settlement-based cultures of ethnic minorities. Advancing the study of traditional villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities is of great significance for maintaining the multicultural ecology of nationalities, consolidating the unity of Chinese cultural pluralism, and promoting the revitalization of rural culture. 　　Due to the urgency of studying and protecting villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities, combined with the characteristics of significant scattering and small clustering of those villages, this study first explored the applicability of cultural geography to the research on minority villages and dwellings. This was done from several aspects, such as whole-area coverage of cultural geography samples, a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis framework, and the obvious cross-disciplinary features. Second, the contents and advantages of cultural geography in the study of traditional villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities are discussed in terms of cultural ecology, diffusion, landscapes, areas, traits, identity, and integrated mechanisms. Among them, cultural ecology reveals the formation mechanism of residential cultural patterns of ethnic minorities in a particular environment by explaining the interactions between humans and their environments. With the precise positioning of cultural geography, it is possible to portray the path and process of the spatial evolution of ethnic culture by comparing the traces of cultural diffusion and integration of minority villages and dwellings horizontally and revealing the patterns of residential cultural diffusion and its influence. By visually comparing the similarities and differences of village and dwelling types, cultural landscapes, and cultural traits of the same ethnic group in different regions or different ethnic groups in the same region, the cultural zones can be divided by spatial overlaps and cultural landscapes, and intrinsic cultural traits extracted. The study of micro-cultural space and local identity can ameliorate the deficiency of neglecting individual cultural identity under big-data analysis and improve people's cultural identity in villages. The far-reaching method of cultural geography has a comprehensive analytical framework that integrates natural, economic, cultural, technological, and political elements to analyze the cultural characteristics, differentiation, evolution, and formation mechanisms of villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities. This enhances the comprehensiveness and scientific nature of the analysis. Finally, taking the Yao nationality as an example, a preliminary framework for studying the villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities is proposed. 　　With the extensive use of cultural geography and architectural methods, it is suggested that traditional villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities be built; this will lay a foundation for revealing the characteristic cultural connotations of traditional villages of ethnic minorities and the formation and evolution of residential culture patterns, for deepening disciplinary research, and for protecting villages of ethnic minorities. Meanwhile, it promotes the breadth and depth of research on traditional villages and dwellings of ethnic minorities.