工程弃土现状与资源化创新技术

分析了中国工程弃土的产生来源、组成成分、年排放量、来源分布、空间分布、利用率及法律法规等基本现状; 基于国内外对于工程弃土治理的经验和法律,以弃土的分类治理为依托,将弃土分为良质土和劣质土进行分类讨论,详细介绍了中国对这2种工程弃土现有的处理方式,其中良质弃土处理方法包括填埋、堆山造景、道路防护林带等,劣质弃土处理方法包括固化改良、弃土烧结砖、弃土免烧砖等,并指出目前处理方法中现存的一些难题; 介绍了工程弃土资源化的创新技术,如弃土固化新技术、弃土烧结砖砌块新技术等,其中着重介绍了弃土烧结砖砌块技术,包括其新型焙烧工艺、弃土烧结砖表面处理工艺、新型砌块形式、烧结砌块装配式结构、烧结砌块配筋技术等,其中烧结砌块装配式结构可在保证烧结砖自身多种优势的情况下大大提高施工效率和后期回收利用率; 最后,针对中国工程弃土数量巨大、管理缺失、处理低效的现状提出建议,从工程管理、技术创新和法律法规3个方面入手,注重源头控制是第一步,发展创新技术、提高终端处理效率是基本,科学有效的管理制度、完善的法律法规是根本保证。

Current Situation and Innovative Technology for Recycling of Engineering Waste Soil

The source, composition, annual discharge, source distribution, spatial distribution, utilization rate, laws and regulations of engineering waste soil in China were analyzed. Based on the experience and laws of engineering waste soil treatment at home and abroad, and the classified treatment of waste soil, the waste soil was divided into superior soil and inferior soil, and the existing treatment methods of these two kinds of engineering waste soil in China were introduced in detail, the treatment methods of superior waste soil including landfill, mountain heaping, road protection forest belt, etc., and the treatment methods of inferior waste soil including solidification improvement, sintered waste soil brick, unburned waste soil brick, etc. Some existing problems in the current treatment methods were pointed out, and the innovative technologies of engineering waste soil recycling were introduced, such as new technology of solidification of waste soil, new techniques of sintered waste soil brick block, etc., the new technologies of sintered waste soil brick block were introduced, including new sintering process, surface treatment of sintered waste soil brick, new forms of sintered brick, assembly sintered block structure, sintered block reinforcement technology, in which the assembly sintered block structure could improve the construction efficiency and reuse rate. Finally, in view of the current situation of huge quantities, chaotic management and inefficient treatment of engineering waste soil in China, the solutions should start from three aspects: engineering management, technological innovation, laws and regulations. Source control is the first step, developing innovative technologies and improving efficiency of terminal treatment are the basic, scientific and effective management system, excellent laws and regulations are the fundamental guarantee.