中国3D打印混凝土技术应用历程与趋势

为了全面分析中国3D打印混凝土技术的研究现状,从“油墨”材料、施工工艺和应用场景等方面对3D打印混凝土技术的研究进展进行了回顾,从时间和逻辑2条线路分析了该技术的发展历程,介绍了主要的施工工艺及在建筑物和基础设施上的应用案例,并分析了3D打印混凝土技术在生态“油墨”材料、仿生设计、大型打印设备开发及施工工艺、3D打印混凝土技术标准与验收规范等发展趋势。最后分析总结了目前中国3D打印混凝土技术所面临的问题,并结合实际应用场景给出了部分研究思路。结果表明:3D打印材料是影响混凝土性能最根本的因素,混凝土须具有更好的流变性能,并能够在环境中快速凝固; 现有3D打印混凝土设备还不能够完全满足不同应用环境的特殊性要求,需要在机械设计和施工流程方面进行协调开发,促进面向建筑领域新型3D打印设备的精细化与自动化发展; 3D打印混凝土结构和普通混凝土结构形式不同,现有的混凝土结构设计施工标准和国家规程并不适合3D打印混凝土技术,缺乏面向3D打印建筑的标准和验收规范; 企业、高校和科研机构需加强合作,以工程应用为导向指引3D打印混凝土的研究和发展。

Application and Development of 3D Printed Concrete Technology in China

In order to comprehensively analyze the research status of 3D printed concrete technology in China, the research progress of 3D printed concrete technology from the aspects of ink materials, construction technology and application scenarios was reviewed, and the development process of the technology was analyzed from two aspects of time and logic. The main construction technology and application cases in buildings and infrastructures were introduced. The development trend of 3D printed concrete technology in ecological ink materials, bionic design, large-scale printing equipment development and construction technology, and 3D printed concrete technical standards and acceptance specifications were analyzed. Finally, the problems of 3D printed concrete technology in China were analyzed and summarized, and some research ideas were given combined with practical application scenarios. The results show that 3D printed material is the most fundamental factor affecting the performance of concrete. Concrete must have better rheological properties and be able to set rapidly in the environment. The existing 3D printed concrete equipment can not fully meet the special requirements of different application environments. It is necessary to coordinate the development of mechanical design and construction process, so as to promote the refinement and automation development of new 3D printing equipment in the construction field. 3D printed concrete structure is different from ordinary concrete structure, so the existing concrete structure design and construction standards and national regulations are not suitable for 3D printed concrete technology, lacking standards and acceptance specifications for 3D printed buildings. Enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions need to strengthen cooperation to guide the research and development of 3D printed concrete oriented by the engineering application.