斯拉格试验技术与理论研究综述

 斯拉格试验是一项成本低、简单、试验历时短、无需抽出或注入大量水的现场水文地质试验技术，在国外已有多年的发展历史。其发展分为现场试验技术的发展和理论模型的发展。斯拉格试验技术包括简单斯拉格试验技术、栓塞斯拉格试验技术和闭合–斯拉格试验技术。斯拉格试验理论模型包括指数衰减模型、欠阻尼衰减模型和非线性模型。斯拉格试验广泛应用于地下水污染水文地质、近地表农田水文地质、供水水文地质及石油和煤层气等诸多领域，估算含水层(岩体)的渗透参数。由于斯拉格试验技术本身固有的局限性，其影响范围较小。近年来，斯拉格试验发展成为一项评价含水层渗透参数空间变化特征以及低渗透性和极低渗透性岩体渗透特征的重要的水文地质试验技术方法，应用于核废物地质处置场址水文地质特性评价研究。利用闭合–斯拉格试验技术可以在野外测量渗透系数小于10－13 m/s的岩体渗透性。

AN OVERVIEW OF TEST TECHNIQUE AND THEORY STUDY OF SLUG TEST

Slug test is an important hydraulic test technique to evaluate the local hydraulic properties of formation. Slug test has become such a frequently used technique as a result of its considerable logistical and economic advantages such as relatively low cost，simplicity，short duration of test，no water actually removed from or added to the well. There are more than fifty years of development history of this test in foreign countries；and its development is summarized as technique development and theoretical model development. Slug test technique can be divided into simple slug test，packer slug test and shut-in slug test. The theoretical models for slug test include exponential decay model，underdamped model and nonlinear model. The parameters obtained from slug test have been widely used in a variety of aspects，such as contamination hydrogeology，water supply investigations，near-surface agricultural hydrogeology，petroleum and coalbed-methane. The influential range of slug test is very small；and it is only possible to determine the characteristics of small volume of aquifer material surrounding the well due to intrinsic limitation of this technique. Recently，slug test is considered as an important technique to evaluate the spatial variations of aquifer seepage parameters and seepage characteristics of rock mass with low，even extremely low permeability. Shut-in slug test technique is utilized to in-situ measurement of rock mass permeability with permeability coefficient lower that 10－13 m/s.