高放废物地质处置中的地质、水文 地质、地球化学关键科学问题

 深地质处置是目前国际上普遍接受的高放废物最终处置方案。该方案对处置库采用人工屏障和天然屏障的“多重屏障系统”概念设计。天然屏障是处置库长期安全至关重要的保证。如何选择可靠的天然屏障，主要靠地质、水文地质、地球化学等工作来完成。通过对国内外高放废物地质处置研究的回顾，阐述高放废物地质处置研究中与地质、水文地质、地球化学相关的关键科学问题，重点介绍预选场地地质、水文地质、地球化学研究的主要内容、主要方法和手段，讨论目前国际上关注的关键水文地质、地球化学问题，如水文地质、水文地球化学模拟、核素在天然介质中迁移、地下水–废物–岩石相互作用、岩体地球化学封闭性等。

KEY SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF GEOLOGY，HYDROGEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY IN HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL

The deep geological disposal scheme is widely accepted for high-level radioactive waste disposal in the world. The conceptual design of “multi-barrier system”，man-made and natural barriers，is adopted for disposal repository in the scheme. The natural barrier is a very important safe guarantee for repository operation in long term. The selection of reliable natural barrier depends mainly on the work related to geology，hydrogeology and geochemistry. Through the review of high-level radioactive waste disposal research in home and abroad，the key scientific issues related to geology，hydrogeology and geochemistry in the high-level radioactive waste disposal research are explained in detail；and the mainly content，method and means used in the investigation for disposal site are introduced. The hydrogeological，geochemical issues regarded in the world at present，such as hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical modelling，migration of radionuclide in the natural medium，the interaction among groundwater-waste-rock，the geochemical closeness of rock mass and so on，are also discussed.