干旱半干旱矿区水资源保护性采煤基础 与应用研究

 干旱半干旱矿区水资源保护性采煤既是一项重要的国家发展战略，也是重要的基础和应用科学研究内容之一。结合神东矿区具体地质采矿条件，从矿区水文地质结构分析、采动覆岩导水裂隙通道发育规律与隔水关键层稳定性、有隔水层区上覆含水层保水采煤方法、无隔水层区上覆含水层预疏放转移存贮等多个方面，系统地展开了对干旱半干旱矿区水资源保护性采煤的基础与应用研究工作。通过水文地质分析，将浅层含水区域分为4种水文地质结构类型，又把有隔水层区结构细分为5种隔水层结构，进而提出了5种保水采煤分区。通过现场实测、数值模拟和理论分析等，揭示了采动覆岩裂隙演化、渗流通道发育与渗流规律，并给出了隔水关键层稳定性判别条件。根据不同的地质采矿条件，提出了针对有隔水层区上覆含水层的控制隔水关键层结构稳定保水开采方法、控制采动导水裂隙闭合保水开采方法、局部支撑区域充填保水开采方法，提出了针对无隔水层区上覆含水层预疏放向采空区转移存贮水方法，并在实践中取得了良好的应用效果。

RESEARCH ON BASIC THEORY OF MINING WITH WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO ARID AND SEMI-ARID MINING AREAS

The mining with water resources protection in arid and semi-arid mining areas is not only an important national development strategy，but also one of the key study contents in the basic and applied sciences. Combining with the specific geological and mining conditions in Shendong coal mine，some researches on basic theory of mining with water resources protection and their application to arid and semi-arid mining areas are performed systematically，including the analysis of hydrogeological structure，the development law of water flowing fractured zone in overburden rock，the stability of the water-resisting key strata，the water-preserved mining method with the aquifer above the water-resisting strata，the advance dewatering，transferring and storage of the water for the aquifer above the non-water-resisting strata，etc.. According to the analysis of hydrogeological conditions，the shallow water-bearing region is classified into four types of hydrogeological structure；and the water-resisting strata area is classified into five water-bearing structures，so five kinds of regionalizations in water-preserved mining are put forward. According to the field measurement，the numerical simulation and the theoretical analysis，the crack evolution law of mining strata and the seepage passage development law are revealed；and then the instability(destabilization) condition of the water-resisting key strata is given. Considering the various geological and mining conditions，aiming at the aquifer above the water-resisting strata，some water-preserved mining methods are proposed，such as the water-preserved mining by controlling the structural stability of the water- resisting key strata，the water-preserved mining by controlling the close of the mining water-conduct crack，and the water-preserved mining by filling in partial support area. Aiming at the aquifer above the non-water-resisting strata，the storage method of transferring water from the aquifer to goaf by advanced dewatering is put forward，which has a good application effect in practice.