地方高校专硕研究生创新与实践能力培养探索——基于南华大学土木与水利学位点建设实践

地方高校已经成为我国专硕工程教育的主力军，但教育教学资源的差异可能导致人才培养质量的参差不齐。人才素养对接社会发展需求是增强毕业生发展竞争力的有效途径，扬长避短发展研究生教育是地方高校学科内涵式发展的必然要求。“新基建”和“互联网+”等背景下，工程形态和建设模式变革日益广泛和深刻，T形知识和能力结构是新发展形势下土木水利工程建设对高层次工程人才的素养需求。分析了土木类专硕教育转型发展的紧迫性，讨论了地方高校发展专硕教育的主要局限因素：教学资源配置相对不足，生源基础素养相对不强，师资队伍工程阅历欠缺，以及研究生教育同质化竞争等。同质化竞争表现为校内学硕与专硕培养模式、目标的同质化，以及校际学科发展方向的同质化，导致研究生教育资源和发展空间的相互挤压。基于南华大学土木与水利专硕学位点十余年的建设实践，讨论了地方高校提高专硕研究生创新与实践能力的思路和成效。立德树人理念之下，创新协同育人模式，发展学科特色，整合教育资源，建设教育共同体，是地方高校传统学科专硕教育破解同质竞争难题，增强核心竞争力的有效途径。改革思路和实践模式对地方高校传统工科顺应时代需求发展专硕教育具有较好借鉴意义。

Cultivation of innovation and practice ability of professional degree postgraduate students in local universities: Based on the development of civil and hydraulic engineering master degree program in University of South China

Local universities have become the main force in professional engineering master education, but the difference of education and teaching resources may lead to the uneven quality of talent cultivation. It is an effective way to enhance the competitiveness of graduates to meet the needs of social development, and it is an inevitable requirement for the connotative development of discipline in local universities to develop postgraduate education by exploiting strengths and avoiding weaknesses. Under the background of "new infrastructure" and "Internet+", the transformation of engineering forms and construction modes is increasingly extensive and profound, and the T-shaped knowledge and ability structure is the quality demand for high-level engineering talents in civil and hydraulic engineering construction. This paper analyzes the urgency of the development transformation of civil engineering graduate education and discusses the main limitation factors in the development of professional master education in local universities. The allocation of teaching resources is relatively insufficient, the basic literacy of students is relatively weak, the teaching team is lack of engineering experience, and the homogenization competition of graduate education is prominent, and so on. The homogenization competition is manifested as the homogenization of training mode and objectives of academic and professional master within the university, as well as the homogenization of discipline development direction between universities, and this leads to the mutual squeezing of postgraduate education resources and development space. Based on the construction practice of civil engineering and hydraulic engineering master program in University of South China for more than ten years, this paper discusses the ideas and effects of improving the innovation and practice ability of professional master students in local universities. Under the concept of cultivating talents by virtue, it is an effective way to solve the problem of homogenous competition and enhance the core competitiveness of local universities to innovate collaborative education mode, develop discipline characteristics, integrate education resources and build education community. The reform ideas and practice modes have good reference significance for local universities to develop professional master education in accordance with the needs of the times.