岩溶矿区采动裂隙发育及溶洞破坏特征相似模拟

针对岩溶矿区煤层开采采动裂隙发育规律及其对溶洞稳定的影响问题,通过构建岩溶洞区域煤层开采模型,对煤层开采条件下的岩溶洞破坏特征以及岩层移动特征进行了分析,分析结果表明:在强烈的采动影响下,岩溶洞顶板最容易发生破坏,导致采动裂隙发育高度在岩溶洞顶板方向达到最大;在非均匀采动影响下,岩溶洞两侧岩层呈现极不均匀下沉,岩层以岩溶洞为端点发生回转,致使岩溶洞顶板和底板发生破坏。若此时,岩溶洞处于浅埋状态,则其顶板裂隙与地表容易贯通,使得地表土体颗粒流失,而底板裂隙造成岩溶洞内充填物漏失,岩溶洞顶板裂隙和底板裂隙的共同作用为岩溶地表塌陷创造了有利的客观条件。因此,在岩溶地区进行煤层开采时,应防止岩溶洞区域受到非均匀采动的影响。

Similar Simulation of Mining-induced Fissure Development Law and Cave Destruction Character when Mining in Karst Area

In order to study the development law of mining-induced fracture and its influences on fracture development of karst caves when mining in karst area, the model of mining under karst caves was built, the stratum movement law and the failure characteristics of karst caves were analyzed when mining under the karst area. The results show that: with the strong mining influence, the karst cave roof is damaged easily, which result in the development height of mining-induced fissure is max above the karst cave; when the mining influence is asymmetrical, the subsidence of both sides of the karst cave are extremely uneven, stratum is rotating at the turning station of karst cave, which result to the destruction of karst cave roof and floor. When the karst cave is shallow, the roof fracture develop easily to the surface, so that make the surface soil particles lost, and the floor fracture will make the filling in cave lost. The combined action of the roof and floor fracture create advantageous objective conditions for karst surface collapse. Therefore, when mining in karst area, it should be prevent that the karst caves is in the area where is affect by asymmetrical mining influence.