景观研究的文化转向与景观人类学

"景观"起源于地表形态研究,并作为地理学基本研究视野,经历了"区域特性""人地关系""文化史"等研究主旨的转换,自20世纪70年代开始出现"文化转向"。存在主义视角下的景观的文化认知,需要以理解性方法解析其地方情感和意义维度,以获取"知觉知识"作为新的研究范式。而几乎同时,文化人类学研究领域的"空间转向"呼应了景观研究的新视野与新方法论需求。由此,在20世纪90年代诞生了景观人类学的研究领域。基于地理学景观研究主旨历史脉络梳理,进一步厘清现象学视角下"景观"的文化现象本质;并由景观"知觉认知"的研究主旨、范式需要,阐释"景观人类学"作为交叉研究领域的研究范畴,以及未来其应用于景观研究实践的潜力。

Cultural Turn in Landscape Studies and the Anthropology of Landscape

"Landscape" originated from the study of the surface morphology. As the basic vision in the research of geography, it has experienced the transformation of research themes such as "regional characteristics", "man-land relationship" and "cultural history". Since the 1970 s, there has emerged a "cultural turn". The cultural cognition of landscape from the perspective of existentialism needs to analyze its local emotions and meaning dimensions with the Verstehen Method, and obtain "perceptual knowledge" from the "other’s perspective" as a new research paradigm. Almost at the same time, the "spatial turn" in the field of cultural anthropology echoed the new vision and new methodological requirements of landscape research, thus giving birth to the research field of the anthropology of landscape in the 1990 s. Based on the above theoretical research context, this research further clarifies the nature of the cultural phenomenon of "landscape" from the perspective of phenomenology. From the research purport and paradigm needs of landscape "perception cognition", it explains the research category of the anthropology of landscape as an interdisciplinary research field, and its potential application in the landscape research practice in the future.