非洲中部加丹加-赞比亚地区锰矿床研究现状及找矿方向

锰作为一种重要的基础性大宗原料矿产,广泛应用于各种工业领域。世界上的锰资源分布极其不均衡,空间上主要分布在非洲、大洋洲及南美洲,时间上主要形成于古元古代、中元古代、新元古代、早—中古生代、晚古生代、中生代、中—早新生代7个阶段。非洲中部加丹加地区锰矿资源丰富且品位高,原生碳酸盐岩型锰矿形成于2.0~1.8 Ga,多分布在断陷盆地内的次级盆地中,受断裂构造及岩浆活动影响,属于海相沉积变质型锰矿,次级盆地靠海一侧为有利的锰富集区,海相碳酸盐岩为主要的含矿层,富石榴子石页岩为找矿标志层;次生氧化物型锰矿主要分布在负地形区,形成于10.5 Ma、3.6 Ma和2.6 Ma。而赞比亚东北部原生锰矿为热液沉积型,受构造控制明显,推测其成矿时代为古元古代,深部断裂发育地区为有利找矿区。

Research status and prospecting direction of manganese deposits in Katanga-Zambia area, Central Africa

Manganese,an important basic bulk raw material mineral,is widely used in various industrial fields.Manganese resources in the world are unevenly distributed,mainly in Africa,Oceania and South America in space,and mainly formed in seven stages,including Paleoproterozoic,Mesoproterozoic,Neoproterozoic,early Middle Paleozoic,Late Paleozoic,Mesozoic and Middle Early Cenozoic.Manganese deposits,located in Central African Katanga generally have high grade and comprise of primary manganese deposits and secondary deposits.The primary manganese deposit,mostly distributed in the secondary basins of the fault basin,is formed in2.0~1.8 Ga.They are marine sedimentary metamorphic type manganese deposits,which are controlled by fault structure and magmatic activity.On the sea side of the secondary basin is a favorable manganese enrichment area,marine carbonate rock is the main ore bearing bed,and garnet rich shale is the prospecting marker bed.In contrast,the secondary manganese ore,mainly located in the negative terrain area,is formed in 10.5 Ma,3.6 Ma and 2.6 Ma.However,the primary manganese ore in northeast Zambia is of hydrothermal deposit,which is obviously controlled by the structure.It is speculated that the metallogenic age is Paleoproterozoic,and the deep fault development area is favorable for prospecting.