经济欠发达地区农村居民对家庭便携式药包的需求分析

目的分析经济欠发达地区农村居民对家庭便携式药包的需求，为科学设计适合农村居民使用的家庭便携式药包提供依据。方法对经济欠发达地区的江西省永新县芦溪乡卫生院、河北省平山县西柏坡镇卫生院、甘肃省临洮县新添镇中心卫生院的3个基本型卫生院辖区内的139户农村居民对家庭便携式药包的需求采用随机抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法及农村居民常用药品与药械问卷调查表进行调查。结果139户农村居民中，84．2％（117／139）的家庭期望拥有家庭便携式药包。芦溪乡、西柏坡镇、新添镇农村居民对家庭便携式药包需求率分别为：89．6％（43／48）、93．2％（41／44）、70．2％（33／47），芦溪乡、西柏坡镇农民居民对家庭便携式药包需求率均明显高于新添镇（P〈O．05）。117户农村居民期望在家庭便携式药包中能放置的药品分别为：感冒药（84．6％）、创口贴（63．2％）、风油精（51．3％）、清凉油（47．0％）、高血压用药（32．5％）、碘酊（31．6％）、其他用药（25．6％）、糖尿病用药（5．1％）；农村居民期望便携式药包的大小为：长（25．84±7．51）cm，宽（18．25±7．18）cm，高（16．38±7．26）cm；农村居民期望家庭便携式药包的功能特点分别为：轻便（52．1％）、安全（50．4％）、适用（46．2％）、防水（45．3％）、经济（39．3％）、简单（36．8％）、防晒（28．2％）、防腐蚀（22．2％）、抗压（22．2％）；农村居民期望家庭便携式药包的价格在≥10～〈15元（29．9％）；在材质要求方面，86．3％农村居民倾向于硬材料，硬材料选择铝合金、塑料者分别占35．0％、34．2％；只有13．7％农村居民选择软材料，选择软材料者以帆布材料居多（6．8％）。结论基本型卫生院辖区内农村居民对家庭便携式药包的需求率较高。只有充分满足多数农村居民的需求，才能保证家庭便携式药包推广使用，从而减少农村居民的不合理用药。

Requirement for Family Portable Medical Kit in Rural Residents in Economically Underdeveloped Areas

Objective To analyze the requirement of rural residents in economically underdevel oped areas for family portable medical kit, and to provide the basis for scientific design of fami portable medical kit suitable for use with rural residents. Methods A total of 139 rural househo Y d residents in service areas of 3 basic township health centers in economically underdeveloped areas （Luxi township health hospital of Yongxin county of Jiangxi province, Xibaipo township health hospital of Pingshan county of Hebei province and Xintian township center health hospital of I.intao county of Gansu province） were selected by simple random and cluster sampling,and the requirement for family portable medical kit was surveyed by questionnaire. Results Among the 139 rural household residents,117 （84.2%） expected to have family portable medical kit. Compared with Xintian township, the demand rates for family portable medical kit significantly in creased in Luxi township and Xibaipo township （89.60% and 93.20% vs 70.2%,respectively;P〈 0.05）. The demanders expected cold medicine （84.6%）, wound paste （63.2%）, essential balm （51.3%）, cooling oil （47. 0%）, antihypertensive （32. 5%）, iodine tincture （31. 6%）, diabetes drugs （5. 1%） and other drugs （25.6%） to be placed into the family portable medical kit. The size of the family portable medical kit was expected to be （25.84± 7. 51）cm length, （18. 25 ± 7.18）cm width and （16.38±7.26）em height. The main functions of the family portable medical kit were expected to be lightweight （52. 1%）, safe （50. 4%）, applicable （46. 2%）, waterproof （45.3 % ）, economic （39.3 % ）, simple （ 36. 8 % ）, sunscreen （28.2 % ）, anticorrosive （22.2 % ） and pressureproof （22.2%）. The price of the family portable medical kit was expected to be ≥ 10 to 〈15 yuan （29.9%）. A total of 86.3% of the demanders tended to select hard materials,inclu ding aluminum alloy （35.0%） and plastics （34.2%）. Only 13.7% of the demanders chose soft materials in which canvas materials were selected by a majority （6.8%）. Conclusion The de mand rate of family portable medical kit is higher among rural residents in hospital service areas of basic types of health centers. Family portable medical kit can be popularized to reduce the irrational use of drugs only by fully meeting the needs of the most rural residents.