通风与空气过滤对控制室内生物污染的影响研究

在分析室内空气微生物的来源、存活及传播等规律的基础上,介绍了通风与空气过滤两种建筑室内生物污染工程控制方法,采用微积分方法建立了通风过滤模型,分析了通风对降低室内生物污染浓度的影响,给出了通风空调系统各空气过滤器滤菌效率的设计计算公式。理论计算结果表明当以控制室内生物污染为主要目的时,自然通风效果不佳,应考虑机械通风;提高集中空调系统的各级过滤器滤菌效率,有助于改善室内生物污染状况。

The Impact of Ventilation and Air Filtration in Controlling Indoor Airborne Microbes

We analyze the generation, transmission and living mechanism of indoor airborne microbes and present two commonly used engineering control methods for microbial contamination: ventilation and air filtration. A mathematical calculation model is developed to incorporate the two ways likely having significant impact on microbial contamination control. We also discuss the relationship between different ventilation parameters and microbial concentration, provide some design equations for determination of microbial filtration efficiency, and calculate the efficiency of air filters used in certain buildings. The results show that the natural ventilation is not a good contamination control for airborne microbes when they are a main indoor pollutant; mechanical ventilation should be used in such cases. If the atmospheric airborne microbes cannot be neglected or its indoor concentration is high, incorporating ventilation with air filtration is a good way to control indoor airborne microbial contamination. Enhancement of filter efficiency at various levels used in central air conditioning systems is helpful for improving indoor microbial contamination control condition.