基于三定分析法的米兰五条街道步行友好形态特征研究

文章梳理了步行友好相关的研究文献，其中针对街道空间微观形态的研究方面，通行的“定形—定性”或者简单“以量化定性质”的研究方法对于形态设计的指引力都相对较弱。“定形—定量—定性”三定结构分析技术则指出研究的新方法。基于此，本文在米兰选取了5条步行友好的街道，从人的行为心理出发，采用“形态分析—数据测算—性质评判”三向关联的结构分析技术，分析形态特征，发现其形态设计的机制。最后，从街道的通行空间、停靠空间、街道界面和空间组织四个方面讨论总结指引步行友好的街道空间形态设计模型，以为设计研究的参考。

Study on the Features of Pedestrian-Friendly Morphology of Five Streets in Milan Based onMorphological-Quantitative-Qualitative Armed Structure Analysis

Walking is a natural right of human beings, and street is the material carrier ofwalking activity. Therefore, pedestrians are respected as subjects on walkable streets. Whatare the morphological characteristics of the street space in line with people''s behavioral andpsychological needs? What is a pedestrian-friendly street space? Based on these problems, thispaper sorts out the relevant research literature on being pedestrian-friendly. And then, this papergeneralizes the definition of being pedestrian-friendly, and summarizes the research contentrelated to being pedestrian-friendly from the macro, medium and micro levels. In terms of theresearch on the micro-form of street space, the traditional research methods of morphologicalqualitativeor simply qualitative by quantitative have relatively weak guiding force formorphology design. Therefore, some scholars have pointed out a new method for the studyof street spatial morphology by combining the traditional morphological-qualitative researchmethod with quantitative analysis, which are the morphological-quantitative-qualitative threedefinite structure analysis technology combining morphological analysis, data measurement andproperty evaluation.In the three-defi nite structure analysis, the morphology, the quantity and the qualitativework at the same time. Morphological, illustrates the spatial form of the street structurallywith field survey results and map data, and observes the street behavior to grasp the spatialcharacteristics of different walking activities; Quantitative, extracts the sample data throughthe measurement of morphological key data and realizes the morphological data after thestructuring from multiple aspects, and then the morphological structure data were evaluated.Qualitative, concatenates and generalizes the results of street spatial form in shape and quantityof the morphological analysis and the quantitative analysis, and expounds and speculateson the relationship among the morphology, the quantity and the quality. In order to analyzethe morphology, the quantity and the qualitative at the same time, this paper sorted out andsummarized the spatial scale data matching with various human perception and behavior (knownas behavioral psychology-morphology data) based on the works of Gehl J and HALL E T. Andafterwards, so as to carry out the research on the spatial morphology of pedestrian-friendlystreets, this paper adopted the three-definite structure analysis techniques to combine thebehavioral psychology-morphology data and the spatial characteristics of walking behavior andactivity.On the basis of the results of the pre-survey, fi ve streets in Milan were selected as the casestudies in this paper in view of the three aspects of walking-oriented, diversity and convenientfi eld survey, and all of which have different people and car traffi c relationship and nature ofwalking-fi rst. Starting from the psychological needs of human behavior, this paper adopts thethree-defi nite structure analysis technology of morphological analysis-data measured-propertiesevaluation to carry out formal investigation, in-depth analysis and discussion on the spatial morphological characteristics of streets. Firstly, itobserved the behavior of pedestrians and extracted morphological data from the form of the structural street plan and the space of the ground floor.Then the spatial form of the street, the structural scale of the street form, the spatial characteristics of the walking behavior and the behavioralpsychological distance are relatedly analyzed. Thus, the same and the different spatial morphological features of the five streets are discussed, andthe mechanism of morphological design is summarized.Finally, based on the street space in visual plane, the correlation of spatial morphology, spatial scale and spatial characteristics of the fivestreets is compared and discussed. Through the discussion the morphological-quantitative-qualitative correlation design model of the pedestrianfriendlystreet space morphology is summarized from the four aspects-the walking space, the staying space, the street interface and the spaceorganization, in order to serve as a reference for the research of the street microscopic space morphology design. Pedestrians focus on the richstreet environment they experience from one space to another, and their experience of the environment comes from the body''s various senses,which is manifested in various walking activities. Through the research of this paper, it is emphasized that the most important thing in the spatialmorphology design of pedestrian-friendly streets is to understand and pay attention to the human body and its behavior psychology, so as to designthe corresponding spatial morphology of streets.