灭火防护服烟气污染及其洗消研究

通过模拟灭火防护服在火场暴露的烟气污染情形，研究烟气颗粒在灭火防护服装上的附着方式以及各层面料间的污染特征，探讨洗涤工艺对各层面料污染物的去除效率。结果显示，烟气颗粒除直接污染服装阻燃层表面外，还通过服装开口污染舒适内层。而舒适内层的污染主要为小于2 μm 的烟颗粒污染物，且更容易在层间进行蔓延扩散。不同面料的毒害污染物浓度不同，半挥发性有机物污染主要集中在防水透气层，重金属污染主要分布在隔热舒适层。常规的浸渍-机洗工艺很难去除附着在纤维表面的小粒径颗粒物，且毒害污染物的去除率低于45%。研究可为灭火防护服高效清洁提供技术支撑。

Study on smoke pollution and decontamination of firefighting protective clothing

By simulating the smoke pollution situation of firefighting protective clothing exposed at fire scene, the attachment mode of soot particles on firefighting protective clothing and the pollution characteristics between each fabric layer are studied, and the efficiency of washing process removing the contaminants on each layer is discussed. Results show that, except contaminating the surface layer of flame retardant, the soot particles can contaminate the comfortable inner layer through opening on the clothing. The contaminates on comfortable inner layer are mostly soot particles smaller than 2 μm, and are easier to spread between the layers. Different fabric has different toxic contaminate concentration. Semi volatile organic compounds pollution concentrates on waterproof and breathable layer. Heavy metal pollution concentrates on heat insulation and comfortable layer. Normal dipping and machine-washing technology can barely remove the small particles attached to the surface of the fabric. The removal rate of toxic pollution is lower than 45%. The study can provide support for high efficient cleaning of firefighting protective clothing.