局部阻塞空间LPG槽罐车泄漏爆炸模拟分析研究

摘 要：以某工业园区LPG槽罐车装卸运输站为例建立物理模型，利用CFD方法对LPG槽罐车不同泄漏速率时在开敞空间和局部阻塞空间的泄漏爆炸场景进行模拟计算。研究结果表明：近距离树木抵挡了LPG泄漏初始动能，使泄漏的LPG停留在20 m范围内；超过20 m范围，泄漏受主导风向的影响，在树木的影响下LPG呈放射状扩散，泄漏面积大，但LPG体积分数较低；在爆炸场景中，爆炸超压受空间阻塞率和LPG体积分数等多方面因素的影响，对于25 mm泄漏孔径，有无树木场景爆炸超压基本相同，原因为LPG未泄漏至树木区域；对于200 mm泄漏孔径，近距离处爆炸超压受LPG体积分数影响，中间阶段受空间阻塞率的影响，最大爆炸超压为5 739 Pa，距离点火点80 m处。

Simulation analysis of leakage explosion of LPG tank car in locally blocked space

Taking loading and unloading station of LPG tank truck in an industrial park as an example, a physical model is established, and CFD method is used to simulate the leakage and explosion scenarios of LPG tank truck with different leakage rates in open space and partially blocked space. The results show that the close trees resist most of the initial kinetic energy of LPG leakage, and the LPG leakage stays within the range of 20 m. Over 20 m, the leakage is mainly affected by the dominant wind direction. Under the influence of trees, LPG spreads radially. The leakage area is large, but the LPG volume fraction is low. In an explosion scenario, explosion overpressure can be affected by many factors such as accelerated flame propagation, spatial blocking probability and volume fraction of LPG. For 25 mm leak aperture, explosion overpressure is basically the same in the case with or without trees, mainly because LPG does not leak into the tree area. For 200 mm leak aperture, the short-range explosion overpressure is affected by the volume fraction of LPG, the intermediate stage by the spatial blocking probability, and the final stage by the volume fraction of LPG. The maximum explosion overpressure is 5 739 Pa, which occurs 80 m away from the ignition point.