改性聚氨酯硬泡复合材料的阻燃性能研究

针对建筑保温材料所使用的硬质聚氨酯泡沫易燃的问题，对硬质聚氨酯泡沫进行化学接枝改性，使三聚氰胺基团均匀分散在阻燃材料体系中，通过对材料进行阻燃性能测试、力学性能测试、燃烧性能测试和扫描电镜分析，考察其在氢氧化镁/聚磷酸铵体系中的阻燃性能、压缩性能和抑烟性能。实验结果表明：三聚氰胺结构改性在对材料的压缩性能削弱较小的情况下可以大大提高纯聚氨酯材料的阻燃性能，不添加任何阻燃剂极限氧指数便可达26.4％，在氢氧化镁和聚磷酸铵协同阻燃体系中，极限氧指数可达28.4％，同时达到UL-94的V0等级。改性复合材料热释放速率最小可达到101.9 kW/m2，相较纯聚氨酯材料最大可下降35.3％，燃烧时产生的烟气释放速率相较纯聚氨酯最大可下降56.6％，并且形成致密的炭层，具有十分良好的阻燃效果。

Flame retardant performance of modified polyurethane rigid foam composite

abstract: In view of the flammability problem of rigid polyurethane foam used in building insulation materials, the rigid polyurethane foam is chemically grafted and modified to make the melamine groups uniformly dispersed in the flame-retardant material system. Through flame-retardant performance test, mechanical performance test, combustion performance test and scanning electron microscopy analysis, the flame-retardant performance, compression performance and smoke suppression performance of the material in the magnesium hydroxide/ammonium polyphosphate system are investigated. The experimental results show that the melamine structure modification can greatly improve the flame retardant performance of pure polyurethane materials under the condition that the compression performance of the material is less weakened, and the limiting oxygen index can reach 26.4% without adding any flame retardant. In the flame-retardant system with ammonium polyphosphate, the limiting oxygen index can reach 28.4%, while meeting the UL-94 V0 level. The minimum heat release rate of the modified composite material can reach 101.9 kW/m2, which could be reduced by 35.3% as much as that of pure polyurethane material, and the smoke emission rate generated during combustion can be reduced by 56.6% as compared with pure polyurethane material，and the carbon is dense and has a good flame retardant effect.