基于长效管理机制的乡村生活污水治理研究

近年来我国乡村生活污水治理发展速度快、市场体量大、社会关注高,设施覆盖率、受益范围、经济投资大幅度提高。与此同时,乡村生活污水治理中存在的问题也日益突出,导致乡村生活污水治理逐渐进入瓶颈期。以乡村生活污水治理研究实践和工作实践为基础,以我国乡村生活污水治理为研究对象,回顾我国乡村水环境治理的发展历程,梳理乡村水环境治理的现状,剖析乡村生活污水在治理过程中存在的突出问题,探索长效管理机制构建方法,尝试通过构建长效管理机制破解乡村生活污水治理难题。研究结果表明,规划缺失、设计盲目、建设随意、运维不当和监管不足是目前乡村生活污水治理存在的主要问题,建议从"一个目标、两个责任主体、三项制度、四个同步、五个统一"等五个方面构建长效管理机制框架,通过长效管理的一揽子方法,解决乡村生活污水治理中的问题,确保我国乡村生活污水治理工作的可持续性。

Research on the Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Based on the Long-term Management Mechanisms

The rural domestic sewage treatment in recent years grew rapidly with big market and has become hot social focus,which improved the treatment facility coverage,the benefit people and the investment. However,the problems existing in rural domestic sewage treatment became increasingly prominent,which led to the gradual entry into a bottleneck period of the rural domestic sewage treatment.Based on the actual research and work practices,and taking the rural domestic sewage treatment in China as the research object,this paper reviewed the history of the development of rural domestic sewage treatment and combed the status of the rural domestic sewage treatment. The study also analyzed the outstanding problems existing in the treatment of rural domestic sewage, explored the method of developing long-term management mechanisms,and attempted to solve the problems of rural domestic sewage treatment by the long-term management mechanisms. The results indicated that the lack of planning,blind design,random construction,improper operation and maintenance,and inadequate supervisionare were the main problems existing in the treatment of rural domestic sewage at present. This paper suggested that the long-term management mechanisms should be constructed from five aspects: one goal,two responsible subjects,three systems,four synchronizations,five uniforms. To ensure the sustainability of rural sewage treatment in China,the problems in rural domestic sewage treatment should be solved through a package of long-term management methods.