城市规划的信用:演变、危机与抉择

城市规划是一种具有“社会契约”性质的公共政策,理应接受信用程度的检讨。在当前我国公共讨论中,城市规划获得的认可和支持度都较低,表征的是我国城市规划的信用不足问题。本文探讨了中国城市规划的信用不足的原因,发现主要有三个方面:一,城市规划体系形成的“制度模糊”,以及制度演变的路径依赖,造成规划的信用下滑;二,不同尺度的规划信用不同,并且,具有创新潜力的小尺度城市规划也面临信用危机;三,城市规划制度变迁和不同尺度规划中公众参与的同时缺位是决定性因素。因而,需要以提升城市规划的信用绩效为目标,调整城市规划的“制度性”设计:城市规划应是约束社会主体的规划;强化向权利讲述真理;推动制度完善下的治理优化。

CREDIT OF URBAN PLANNING: EVOLUTION,CRISES, AND CHOICES

Urban planning is a public policy with the contractual nature, and its credibility should be examined. In current public discussion in China, the phenomenon of limited recognition and support gained by urban planning shows the lack of credit. Through investigating inferior credit of urban planning in China, it can be found that there are 3 substantial causes:(1) institutional ambiguity formed by previous planning system and path dependence of institution evolution cause credit downgrade;(2) the planning credit differs among different scales of planning, and small-scale urban planning with innovation potentials are also facing credit crises;(3) the transformation of planning institution and the absence of public participation in different planning scales are determining factors of low planning credit. In order to reverse this situation, it is crucial to improve the credit performance of urban planning and to adjust its institutional design,as well as stressing that planning should restrict the social subject, tell truth to the authority, and promote governance optimization under institutional improvement.