重庆主城区城市空间结构演变与优化--基于公共服务功能组织视角

城市空间结构与城市公共服务功能组织密切相关。重庆主城区作为典型的“多中心、组团式”城市,在城市公共服务功能的就近组织、公共服务需求的均衡化方面具有先天的优势。本文梳理重庆主城区空间结构的演进历程以及与公共服务需求变化的互动关系,辨识随着城市功能由生产向消费转型,空间面临的结构问题及其内在动因,借鉴马斯洛理论,提出顺应当前及未来公共服务需求层次的分异,城市空间结构应从“多中心、组团式”进一步向“分层多中心、组团式”优化,引导形成相对集中、功能综合的基层“小、微中心”体系,以有序组织公共服务功能,最大限度地减少非必要交通出行,降低居民出行的时耗,提升城市效率,并借鉴恩格尔系数构建衡量城市效率的评价框架,为破解山地城市空间结构问题,推动城市空间转型提供新的思考视角。

EVOLUTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE IN CHONGQING MAIN URBAN AREA: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC SERVICE FUNCTION ORGANIZATION

Urban spatial structure is closely related to urban public service organization.As a typical "multi-center,cluster-style" city,Chongqing has the inherent advantages in terms of the nearest urban public service organization and the demand for public service equalization.By combing the evolution of the spatial structure of Chongqing’s main urban area and its interaction with the change of public service demand,this paper identifies the structural problems and causes of the built environment,with the transformation of urban functions from production to consumption.Referring to Maslow’s theory,adapting to the different levels of public service demand in the present and future,this paper holds that the urban spatial structure should be further optimized from the "multi-center,cluster-style" to "hierarchical multi-center,cluster-style",so as to guide the formation of grass-roots "small,micro-center" system with certain concentration and grass-roots functional integration,to orderly organize the public service function,to minimize the unnecessary traffic,to reduce the travel time of residents,and to improve urban efficiency.Borrowing the Engel Coefficient to construct the evaluation framework of urban efficiency,the paper aims to provide a new perspective for solving the problems of spatial structure of mountainous cities and promoting the urban environment transformation.