特大城市城乡结合部村庄分类研究与特征分析——以广州市农村地区为例

快速城镇化地区的村庄规划编制与实施需要一种有效的村庄分类工具,以帮助规划师更加便捷地了解城镇化的影响程度,把握村庄的差异性,并提出相匹配的规划目标、政策和实施工具。但是,已有的村庄分类方法,或者基于社会学、人类学的研究与案例分析,需要通过深入分析寻找规律,但在村庄规划编制和实施中不易操作和掌提;或者基于经验判断和村庄的区位进行分类,但是缺乏客观事实依据,难以进行动态调整。本文基于二元结构理论,通过分析农村地区村庄二元结构转型的难易程度,将快速城镇化地区的村庄分为三类:刚性二元村、弹性二元村和一般远郊村。并以广州市农村地区为例,以村庄中外来人口比例和村集体建设用地比例作为核心指标,将村庄进行分类。然后,再深入比较按此分类不同类型村庄在产业结构、集体经济、村庄建设、居住环境等维度的差异。研究结果表明,该分类方法能够较为客观地反映快速城市化地区村庄之间在人口、社会、经济和土地利用等方面的分异,并作为编制村庄规划的依据。

RESEARCH ON CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF VILLAGES IN PERI-URBAN REGION OF MEGA CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF RURAL AREAS IN GUANGZHOU

In the rapid urbanization process,to make plans and policies properly matching with different contexts of villages, planners are facing a challenge to effectively classify villages with different levels of urbanization. Existing classification method based on sociology or anthropology generally needs a long-time survey and observation in field, and is difficult to conduct for most of China's professional planners; pragmatic method based on empirical judgment and location of villages lacks objective facts, which is difficult to make dynamic adjustments. This paper develops a method based on the framework of Lewis' s dualism, and classifies villages by various level of urbanization, i.e., inflexible dual villages, flexible dual villages, and general villages. We implement the method of dualism village classification in Guangzhou's rural area, by taking the proportion of migrants in the village and the proportion of land used for collective construction of the village as the core indicators. And then, it further compares the differences of different types of villages in the dimensions of industrial structure, collective economy, village construction, and living environment of according to this classification. The results show that the method can objectively reflect their variety in terms of demography, socioeconomical dimension, and land use, thus providing reference for village planning preparation.