道观与佛寺树种多样性和选择偏好 ——以山地城市重庆主城区为例

宗教对生物多样性保护有重要作用。道教和佛教在 中国是主要宗教派别，二者的起源和核心思想有较大差异， 目前对道教和佛教的生物多样性保护功能及其对树种的选择 偏好的研究有限。实地调查了我国最大的山地城市——重庆 主城区所有的道观(11个)和佛寺(39个)及其周围植被的树 种组成，对比了二者树种的组成特征与地理来源间的差异， 并分析了区域环境对寺观树种多样性的影响。研究发现： 1)重庆主城区寺观及其周围植被保存有树种82科193属329 种，包含32种珍稀濒危树种和214种乡土树种；2)道观及 其周围植被的宗教树种比例(16.0%±0.96)显著低于佛寺 (42.0%±0.17)；3)道观宗教树种的地理来源热点区域为四 川、湖北和浙江，佛寺则为四川、贵州、云南和广东；4)道 观内部的树种相似性低于佛寺，但道观内外部的树种相似性显 著高于佛寺；5)道观树种多样性与城市化率为负相关关系， 佛寺树种多样性与佛寺面积和建成时间为正相关关系。以上结 果表明：1)重庆主城区寺观园林具有重要的生物多样性保护 价值；2)道教倾向于选择与周边植被相融合的树种，佛寺则 倾向于固定的(符合佛教教义的)佛教树种；3)道观树种多样 性主要与城市化率相关，佛寺则主要与其本身的面积和建成时 长相关。

Selection Preferences of Tree Species for Taoist Temples and Buddhist Temples in Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Chongqing

Religion plays an important role in regional biodiversity conservation. Taoism and Buddhism are the major religious sects in China, and the origins and core ideas of the two are quite different. Currently, the research on the protection function of Taoism and Buddhism in biodiversity and their preferences for tree species is very limited. This study investigated the composition of all 11 Taoist temples and 39 Buddhist temples and surrounding vegetation in Chongqing metropolitan area, the largest hilly city in China. This study compared the differences between the tree species composition and geographic sources, as well as the influence of regional environmental factors on the tree species diversity of temples. The research found that: 1) There are 329 species of tree species belonging to 193 genera and 82 families, including 32 endangered tree species and 214 native tree species; 2) The proportion of religious tree species in Taoist temples and its surrounding vegetation (16.0% ± 0.96) is significantly lower than that of Buddhist temples (42.0% ± 0.17); 3) The geographical sources of Taoist religious tree species are Sichuan, Hubei and Zhejiang, while for Buddhist temples they are Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangzhou; 4) The similarity of tree species in Taoist temples were lower than those in Buddhist temples. However, the similarity of tree species inside and outside Taoist temples is significantly higher than that of Buddhist temples; 5) Taoist tree species diversity is negatively correlated with urbanization rate, but that of Buddhist temples is positively correlated with construction area and year of the temple. The above results show that: 1) Temple gardens in Chongqing metropolitan area have important biodiversity conservation values; 2) Taoism and Buddhism have preferences for tree species, Taoism advocates nature and tends to choose tree species that blend with the surrounding vegetation, and Buddhist temples tend to have fixed (in line with Buddhist doctrine) Buddhist tree species; 3) The tree diversity of Taoist temples is mainly related to the urbanization rate, while Buddhist temples are mainly related to their area and construction time.