西北地景文化空间圈层(一)：“因山 而成”的风景营建体系

中国西北地区位于亚欧大陆之间,是历史上文明碰撞及文化交融之地,其大山大川大漠的自然地理景象,形成了先民独特的自然景观认知和工程营建活动,从自然形胜、城邑、宫苑、陵墓、寺观到各类军事交通水利等大型工程,呈现出"因山而成"的空间分布层次、"笼山水为苑"的地景空间艺术形式和"雄浑"的风景审美张力。在3000多年的社会历史发展中,依托西北地区七大山脉体系,逐步形成了15个地景文化空间圈层,由此构成鲜明的区域性国土风景营建体系。这种风景营建模式和体系随周秦汉唐朝代的更迭而逐渐成就辉煌,使其具有鲜明的历史阶段性和东方美学意义的世界性价值特征。

Landscape Culture Spatial Circles in Northwest China Ⅰ: Shaping Environment to the Great Mountains to Make the Scenic Construction System

The northwestern region of China is located between the Asian and European continents. It is a place where civilizations collided and cultures merged in history. The natural geography of its mountains, rivers and deserts has formed the unique cognition of natural landscapes and engineering construction activities of the ancestors. Large-scale projects such as towns, palaces, mausoleums, temples to various military, transportation and water conservancy projects show the spatial distribution level of "shaping environment with the great mountains", and the spatial art form of "embracing landscape as gardens" and the aesthetic tension of "majestic" landscape. In the social and historical development of more than 3,000 years, relying on the 7 major mountain systems in the northwest region, 15 landscape culture spatial circles have gradually formed, thus forming a distinct regional national landscape system. This kind of landscape construction model and system gradually achieved brilliance in Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, giving it a distinct historical stage and a global value with characteristics of oriental aesthetics.