后疫情时代武汉住区绿地健康景观 调研及建设思考

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎疫情引发了人们对公共健康深层次的思考。为了解武汉市居民对住区绿地景观与公共健康关系的认识、疫情前后住区绿地使用变化,以及对住区绿地健康景观建设的建议,2020年7—8月课题组开展了针对上述问题的调研。筛选武汉市2020年2月居家隔离期间15个首批“高风险”小区作为样本,采用“线上问卷+线下观察访谈”相结合的调研方法,发现:1)疫情前后,针对居民使用住区绿地的“频率”和“时长”,选择“增加”与“减少”的人数相当,与“无变化”人数比例近3:3:4;2)超半数居民解封后在住区绿地停留15min以上;3)住区绿地健康景观提升主要依托“绿地植物应用”和“健身设施及场所建设”;4)居民相对更喜欢开花的园林植物,并表现出了较明确的关于植物颜色、香型等的偏好。建议住区绿地健康景观应“关注住区弱势群体”需求,增加居民“全健康”效益,鼓励公众参与。最后指出研究的不足,并提出住区绿地健康效益有待全社会的关注和智慧贡献。

Research on the Health Landscape of Residential Green Space in the Post COVID-19 Era of Wuhan

The COVID-19 has caused people to think deeply about public health. In order to study the relationship between residential green space landscape and public health after the epidemic, the changes in residential green space use before and after the epidemic, and suggestions for the healthy landscape construction of residential green space, the investigation and survey on above issues in the post-epidemic era was conducted in July and August 2020. The research screened the first batch of 15 the "highest-risk" community samples during the home isolation period in Wuhan in February 2020, used the research method of "online questionnaires and offline observation interviews", and found that: 1) Before and after the epidemic, the numbers of residents who chose "increased" and "decreased" in the "use frequency" and "use duration" of residential green space were equivalent to that of "no change", and the ratio was close to 3:3:4; 2) More than half of the residents stayed in the green areas of the residential communities for more than 15 minutes after the closure in mid-April; 3) It is believed that the improvement of the green landscape in the residential communities mainly depends on the "application of green plants" and the "building of fitness facilities and places"; 4) The residents prefer flowering garden plants and show clearer plants preferences such as color and fragrance. The article proposes that the green space health landscape in residential areas should "pay attention to the needs of disadvantaged groups in the residential area", serve the residents'' "full health" benefits, and encourage public participation. Finally, it points out that there is some insufficient research and proposes that the health benefits of residential green space need the common attention and wisdom and contribution of the whole society.