纳米零价铁材料对放射性核素的 去除及机理研究进展

随着人类社会的发展，放射性铀矿的开采和使用越来越多，环境面临着越来越严重的放射性污染问题。从生物和环境的角度来看，有效地清除环境中的放射性核素是核能利用过程中最重要的问题之一。纳米零价铁（nanoscale zero valent iron, nZVI）具有较大的比表面积和较高的活性位点，能显著提高放射性污染物的修复效率。本综述的目的是展示nZVI基材料对放射性核素的高效去除能力和环境修复作用。简介了常用的nZVI基材料（表面改性或多孔材料支撑的nZVI材料）及其对放射性核素的去除效果和相互作用机制（如吸附和氧化还原）。最后，对nZVI材料的应用和挑战给出个人见解。本综述有助于为高效去除放射性核素的nZVI材料的设计指明方向，为放射性核素的高效处理处置提供新材料。

Removal of Radionuclides by Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Materials and Their Interaction Mechanism

With the development of human society, radioactive uranium mining and the relative radioactive pollution is becoming the main problem to environmental pollution protection. Efficient removal of radionuclides from environment is one of the most important issues from biological and environmental point of view. Due to the large specific surface area and high number of active sites, nanoscale zero valent iron(nZVI) materials enhance the remediation efficiencies of radioactive contaminants remarkably. The aim of this review is to show the excellent removal capacity and environmental remediation of nZVI-based materials for radionuclides. A brief introduction on frequently-used nZVI-based materials (e.g., surface modified or porous material supported nZVI materials) and their application in the removal of radionuclides and an exploration of their underlying interaction mechanisms (e.g., adsorption, reduction and oxidation) are presented. In the end, a summary and outlook are also briefly addressed. This review intends to provide deep insight into the design of high performance nZVI-based materials for the potential elimination of radionuclides from aqueous solutions during environmental pollution cleanup.