我国铀矿通风降氡的发展历程

通风降氡是铀矿辐射防护的主要内容之一。根据我国铀矿通风技术的发展,以及通风与氡析出规律研究的不断深入,将我国铀矿通风技术发展划分为5个阶段:1958—1965年期间通风降氡技术学习建立阶段,主要为学习引进前苏联的压入式通风方式;1966—1977年期间技术发展平台阶段,体现在以抽出式通风代替压入式通风的应用验证与经验积累;1978—1989年期间理论与技术发展阶段,提出了氡析出渗流-扩散规律与通风方式的相互作用理论,推动了铀矿通风防护技术的发展;1990—2002年期间停滞阶段,以减少通风防护投入来降低生产成本为目的,使铀矿通风防护技术研究处于停滞;2003—2016年期间强化发展阶段,以氡析出渗流-扩散规律指导不同采矿方法下的通风防护技术研究与应用。目前,中国铀矿通风正在向形成具有中国特色的通风降氡技术体系发展。

The development history of uranium mine ventilation in China

Ventilation for reducing radon is one of the main parts of radiation protection in uranium mines.The ventilation technology development of uranium mines in China has been compartmentalized into five periods,based on the ventilation technique advancement and radon exhalation study:the 1958-1965 period,the establishment period of ventilation technology for reducing radon,which mainly reflects in learning and introducing the positive pressure ventilation method in the former Soviet Union;the 1966-1977 reposeful period,reflecting in the application verification and experience accumulation of negative pressure ventilation instead of positive pressure ventilation;the 1978-1989 period is the theory and technique developing period,the theory of interaction between seepage-diffusion law of radon exhalation and tunneling method is proposed,which promotes the development of uranium mine ventilation protection technology;the 1990-2002 is the stagnation period,for the purpose of reducing the input of ventilation protection to reduce production costs,the research on uranium mine ventilation protection technology is at a standstill;and the 2003-2016 is the intensified developing period,using seepage-diffusion law of radon exhalation to guide the research and application of ventilation protection technology under different mining methods.The ventilation technology system for reducing radon of uranium mine in China is coming into being.