三代压水堆内陆厂址放射性流出物排放问题及改进建议

由于内陆厂址受纳水体容量有限,使得核电内陆厂址面临的一个关键问题就是液态流出物排放。本文通过对比分析三代压水堆内陆厂址液态流出物排放与现有排放国家标准要求,发现三代压水堆两项指标不能满足内陆厂址要求,即除氚、¹⁴C外其他放射性核素和氚排放均不能满足内陆厂址要求。针对除氚、¹⁴C外其他放射性核素排放,建议增加化学絮凝、离子交换床和反渗透装置以满足100 Bq/L的排放要求。针对氚排放,通过调整排放方式能满足2台机组氚排放要求,使得下游1 km处氚浓度不超过71 Bq/L;多机组内陆电厂的氚排放建议利用联合电解催化交换(CECE)和水精馏(WD)技术,以达到分离氚的目的。

Issues and improvements of liquid effluents from inland third-generation PWR site

Due to the limited capacity of receiving water in inland plant site,a key issue of the inland nuclear power plant is the discharge of low-level liquid radwaste from inland NPPs.Through comparative analysis of the liquid effluent from the inland third-generation PWR and the requirements of the regulations and standards,it was found that the radioactivity(except tritium and 14 C)in liquid and tritium concentration in water at 1 km downstream of plant outlet could not meet the requirements of the inland site.Therefore it is recommended to add chemical flocculation,ion exchange bed and reverse osmosis device to meet the requirement of 100 Bq/L.Discharge control has to be adjusted to fulfill national standards,which can meet the tritium discharge needs of two units,in order that the tritium concentration at 1 km downstream is less than 71 Bq/L.The tritium discharge of multiple units is recommended to use WD+CECE to achieve the purpose of separating tritium.