柴达木盆地油气勘探、地质认识新进展及重要启示

经过几代石油人艰苦卓绝的奋斗，柴达木盆地已建成青藏高原唯一的油气生产基地，成为甘青藏地区经济社会发展的压舱石。通过系统综述近年来柴达木盆地的油气勘探进展和勘探成果，总结了成盆、成烃、成储和成藏规律，指出了未来勘探转型的重要领域和方向。研究结果表明：①自2007年设立科技重大专项以来，尤其“十二五”以来，依托科技创新，支撑昆北断阶、英雄岭构造、阿尔金山前、扎哈泉凹陷等相继发现了亿吨级大油气田，形成了其他盆地鲜见的成烃、成储、成藏等原创性成果。②通过系统梳理和总结“十二五”以来的勘探发现、启示及重要地质认识，提出了未来油气勘探从浅层向深浅结合、从构造向构造-岩性结合、从碎屑岩向多岩性复合、从常规向常规-非常规结合的四大转变，厘定出柴西古近系—新近系页岩油、柴东第四系泥岩生物气、柴北缘深层和柴西古近系多类型岩性等四大勘探领域。③研究成果将推动柴达木盆地油气勘探转型发展和强改造型盆地油气地质理论技术发展，为各类型含油气系统的油气藏勘探持续发现提供重要的支撑。

New progress and enlightenment of oil and gas exploration and geological understanding in Qaidam Basin

After the arduous struggle of several generations， the only oil and gas production base in Tibet Plateau has been built in Qaidam Basin， which has become a ballast for the economic and social development of GansuQinghai-Tibet region. By systematically summarizing the oil and gas exploration progress and exploration results in Qaidam Basin in recent years，the laws of basin formation， hydrocarbon generation， reservoir formation and reservoir accumulation were summarized， and the important fields and directions of exploration transformation in the future were pointed out. The research results show that：（1）Since the establishment of major science and technology projects in 2007，especially since the 12th Five-Year Plan， large oil and gas fields with 100 million ton reserves have been discovered by relying on scientific and technological innovation in Kunbei fault terrace， Yingxiongling structure，Altun Piedmont and Zahaquan Sag， meanwhile，original theories that are rare in other basins about hydrocarbon generation，reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism were formed.（2）By systematically summarizing the exploration discovery and important geological cognition since the 12th Five-Year Plan，four major changes in future oil and gas exploration were proposed：from shallow to deepshallow combination， from structure to structure-lithology combination， from clastic rocks to multi-lithology combination，and from conventional to conventional and unconventional combination. Four major future fields were determined，including Paleogene-Neogene shale oil in western Qaidam Basin，Quaternary mudstone biogas of eastern Qaidam Basin，deep strata in northern margin of Qaidam Basin and Paleogene multi-lithology in western Qaidam Basin.（3）These research results will promote the transformation and deve-lopment of oil and gas exploration in Qaidam Basin and the development of oil and gas geology theory and technology in strongly reformed basins， and provide important support for the continuous exploration discovery of oil and gas reservoirs in various types of petroleum systems.