CO_2输送管道工程设计标准的探讨

我国碳排放总量目前已位居世界首位,但国内CO2输送管道的建设尚处于起步阶段,设计建设经验较少。为此,介绍了国内外CO2输送管道工程建设现状,研究了相关标准的制订情况。分析结果表明,国内外对于CO2输送管道设计的标准较少,由于输送介质物性差异,在CO2输送管道设计中沿用现有油气管道设计标准会带来诸多问题,如对防爆要求过高,缺少针对窒息、溶胀等危险因素的防范措施,增加了工程建设投资和存在安全隐患等。从而提出了CO2输送管道工程标准的编制原则和技术思路,并建议以国外标准中CO2有关内容为基础,利用国内外CO2输送领域的最新研究成果,参照国内的油气管道标准模式,编制CO2输送管道设计标准。同时还对标准编制过程中所需要特别注意的问题进行了探讨,结论指出目前编制的CO2管道标准仅适用于陆上CO2输送管道工程设计,适用气相、液相两种输送相态;随着超临界相在国内的建设与其技术的发展,今后应将其内容补充进标准中。

A discussion on the establishment of CO2 pipeline engineering design criteria

The total carbon emissions in China now tops the first in the world, but the CO₂ pipeline construction is still at the initial stage, so few such design experience will be available at present. In view of this, we first introduced the current situation of CO₂ pipeline projects and construction as well as the formulation of related criteria at home and abroad. For lack of valuable reference and due to different physical properties of various media to be transported, CO₂ pipeline design will have to face up with many problems if the existing oil & gas pipeline design criteria are still adopted. For example, there will be an overly high anti-explosion requirement; there will be no prevention countermeasures for such hidden hazards like suffocation, swelling, etc.; and both engineering & construction cost and potential safety risk will be increased. From this perspective, we presented the principles and technical approaches for the establishment of CO₂ pipeline engineering criteria. We also suggested that such design criteria should be formulated based on the foreign criteria about CO₂ transportation, taking good advantage of the latest research results in the field of CO₂ transportation and also referring to the domestic oil & gas pipeline criteria. Meanwhile, we discussed some special issues needed to be highlighted in the formulation process and pointed out that our focus is now only on the CO₂ continental transportation at gas phase and liquid phase, however, in the future the CO₂ transportation in supercritical dense phase should be added into the related criteria.