我国两部制电价制度对天然气发电企业盈利能力的影响

上海、浙江和江苏等地陆续出台了两部制电价制度,以期解决天然气发电(以下简称气电)企业成本高、经营困难等问题。为了研究该电价制度对气电企业盈利能力的影响,在对比分析上述三地电价政策和实施效果的基础上,基于不同类型机组的三大经营指标(项目财务内部收益率、经济净现值、动态投资回收期),采用项目经济性分析模型探究了不同类型燃气电厂的经济性。研究结果表明:①现行两部制电价与单一制电价相比,电价水平小幅度下降,给企业经营带来了一定的冲击,但从长远看,则有利于形成可持续的发展机制;②两部制电价是各地政府经过充分调研和测算后根据该区具体情况制定的,在该政策下多数企业处于盈亏平衡点附近,综合条件优、管理水平高的企业能取得一定的盈利,反之则亏损;③当电量电价一定且大于盈亏平衡点时,企业效益随年利用小时数的增加而提升,反之则随年利用小时数的增加而降低。结论认为:①两部制电价能起到促进企业管理和技术水平提升,引导和鼓励电力投资的作用,符合我国电力体制改革的方向;②政策制定时应针对不同时期建成的项目加以区别对待,实现上网电价、天然气价格和供热蒸气价格的"三个联动";③应建立大数据平台,实行气网、电网联合调度;④发电企业应创新管理,降低电厂建设及维护成本,提升机组效率,降低气耗。

Influence of a two-part electricity price system on the profitability ofnatural gas power generation enterprises in China

A two-part electricity price system has been successively adopted in Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu to solve the problems high cost and difficult operation in natural gas power generation enterprises. In order to investigate the influence of the two-part electricity price system on the profitability of natural gas power generation enterprises, this paper comparatively analyzed the electricity price policies applied in Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu and their implementation effects. Then, based on three major business indicators of different types of generator sets (financial internal rate of return, economic net present value and dynamic payback period of investment), the economy of different types of natural gas power generation plants was discussed by using the project economic analysis model. And the following research results were obtained. First, compared with the single electricity price, the current two-part electricity price results in slight drop of electricity price level, which has a certain impact on the operation of enterprise. In the long run, however, it is conducive to the formation of a sustainable development mechanism. Second, two-part electricity price is set up by the local government according to the specific situations after sufficient investigation and calculation. Under this policy, most enterprises are near the break-even point. Enterprises with good comprehensive conditions and high management levels can achieve a certain profit, otherwise, they will have a deficit. Third, when the energy price is fixed at a value greater than the break-even point, the benefit of an enterprise increases with the increase of annual utilization hours, and conversely the benefit decreases with the increase of annual utilization hours. Finally, several conclusions were reached as follows. First, the two-part electricity price can play a role in promoting the improvement of enterprise management and technological level and guiding and encouraging electricity investment, and it is in line with the direction of domestic electricity system reform. Second, policy formulation shall be treated differently based on the projects constructed at different periods, so as to realize the "three-linkage" of electricity price, natural gas price and heating steam price. Third, it is suggested to establish a big data platform to realize the joint dispatch of gas network and power grid. Fourth, power generation enterprises shall carry out innovative management to reduce power plant construction and maintenance costs, increase generator set efficiency and decrease gas consumption.