含硫天然气开发安全防控技术与管理措施

含硫天然气具有毒性大、腐蚀性强的特点,而中国含硫天然气气田主要分布在人口密集的川渝地区,开发利用这种天然气具有较大的安全风险。为此,开展了针对性的分析研究并形成了含硫天然气泄漏扩散中毒定量风险评价几何建模技术,通过环境风洞实验验证,事故后果模拟精度可提高50%;基于荷兰风险评价导则,自主研发了含硫天然气泄漏扩散中毒定量风险评价软件V1.0(QRA-AYY),首次把三维扩散模拟后果应用于定量风险计算。集成应用国外设备管线的失效数据库,结合企业事故数据库进行修正,建立了川渝地区高含硫天然气开发井喷、集输管道等地面设施事故概率确定方法。通过统计分析历年来我国人员意外死亡事故数据和采掘业亡人事故数据,首次提出我国石油天然气行业风险可接受基准值。最后提出了采用管道内腐蚀预测、缺陷评估与剩余寿命预测、材料适用性评价、场站完整性评价、HSE监督与教育培训等技术手段来保障含硫天然气的安全开发的具体管理措施。

Safety prevention and control technologies and management in the sour gas field development

Sour natural gas fields with high toxic and corrosive risks are mainly distributed in the densely populated areas of Sichuan and Chongqing. In view of this, we put forward the geometrical modeling technology of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide leakage and poisoning. By a wind tunnel experiment verification, the accident consequence simulation accuracy can be increased by 50%. Using Holland risk assessment guidelines, we developed the poisoning and leakage of sour gas quantitative risk assessment software V1.0 (QRA AYY) and first applied the three dimensional diffusion simulation results to quantitative risk calculation. Through an integrated application of foreign equipment and pipes failure database and a modification of the enterprise accident database, we built an accident probability method for high sulfur gas fields. And through the analysis of historical accident data, the risk acceptable reference value was presented for the oil and gas sector in China. In order to ensure the safety in sour gas development and production, we recommended the following management measures: pipeline internal corrosion prediction, defect evaluation and residual life prediction, material suitability evaluation, pipeline station integrity evaluation, quality supervision and management, HSE supervision, safety education and training.