空混气作为中国天然气调峰储备气源的必要性和可行性

近年来，中国北方冬季采暖季时常爆发大面积供气紧张，由于我国能源结构中富煤、贫油、少气的资源禀赋，再加上近年“煤改气”项目的大范围落地实施，加剧了天然气供应的紧张形势。为了提高国内天然气供应的保障度，在分析近年频发天然气供气紧张危机成因和目前常见天然气储备方案特点的基础上，提出了气态液化石油气掺混空气（以下简称空混气）作为调峰储备气源的方案，并对其必要性和可行性进行了讨论。研究结果表明：①储气能力不足已成为制约我国天然气产业可持续发展的瓶颈，国内大量进口LNG的做法形成了天然气对外依存度过高的危机；②空混气可作为适合的天然气替代产品和调峰储备气源；③空混气具有建设投入少、维护简单，安全性好、不需要额外的燃气系统、地下管网与调压设施等可与天然气通用、可避免重复投资浪费，点供更加便捷灵活，可以实时启动”等优势和价值。结论认为：①空混气是切实可行的天然气调峰储备气源，管输气用户可以根据自身特点和实际需求，合理考虑选择压缩天然气、液化天然气、空混气或者其组合作为储气气源；②未来能源发展应注重品种、渠道多元化，应从国家能源战略储备安全的角度，最大限度地满足地方燃气调峰储备要求，实现多气源、多气种的融合发展。

Necessity and feasibility of using air mixture gas (AMG) as a gas source for China's peak-shaving reserves in China

In recent years, widespread gas supply shortage happens frequently in North China especially in winter heating seasons. The primary energy structure in China is characterized by rich coal, lean oil and less gas, and the coal-to-gas projects have been implemented extensively in recent years. And consequently, such tense situation of gas supply is aggravated. For the sake of increasing the guarantee degree of domestic natural gas supply, the causes of frequent natural gas shortage crisis in recent years and the features of currently common natural gas reserve schemes were analyzed in this paper. Then, it was proposed that the gaseous LNG blended with air, also called air/fuel mixture (AMG for short hereinafter), be used as an important gas source for peak-shaving reserves. In addition, the necessity and feasibility of this scheme was discussed. And the following research results were obtained. First, insufficient gas supply capacity is the bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of domestic natural gas industry, and the practice of abundant LNG imports leads to a crisis of high dependence on foreign natural gas. Second, air mixture gas can be used as a suitable substitute for natural gas and a gas source for peak-shaving reserves. Third, AMG is advantageous with less construction investment, convenient maintenance and strong safety. Besides, no extra gas system is needed, its underground pipeline networks and pressure control facilities can be also used for natural gas to avoid repeated investment, point supply is more convenient and flexible, and real-time startup can be realized. It is concluded that AMG is the practical reserve gas source for natural gas peak shaving, and piped gas consumers shall select rationally compressed natural gas, LNG, AMG or their combinations as the gas source for reserves according to their own characteristics and actual demands. It is recommended that the energy development in the future shall focus on diversification of types and channels and satisfy the reserve demand of local gas peak shaving to the uttermost from the viewpoint of national energy strategic reserve security, so as to realize the integrated development of multiple gas sources and multiple gas types.