致密砂岩储层孔隙结构对渗流特征的影响——以四川盆地川西地区上侏罗统蓬莱镇组储层为例

致密砂岩储层孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强,其渗流特征较之于常规砂岩储层存在着较大差异。为此,以四川盆地西部地区上侏罗统蓬莱镇镇组致密砂岩储层为研究对象,基于物性、压汞、核磁等实验数据,在分析储层孔隙结构的基础上,结合相渗实验和可视化微观驱替模型,模拟油气成藏与开发过程中不同类型孔隙结构致密砂岩储层的渗流特征及气、水两相运移机理和分布状态。研究结果表明:1不同孔隙结构储层的气体前缘推进特征均出现类似于树杈状的黏性指进现象,储层孔隙结构越好,束缚水饱和度越低,束缚水状态下的气相相对渗透率越大,气藏更易被开发;2开发后期残余气主要以绕流、卡断以及孔隙盲端等方式形成的封闭气存在于储层中;3不同类型储层的气、水两相相对干扰均较强,生产过程中容易产生气、水同出的现象;4封闭气的存在会严重降低气井产量,而水相的存在则会极大地降低气相相对渗透率,导致低渗透致密砂岩含水气藏后期产水严重,开发难度大,采出程度低,进而严重影响到气井的有效开发生产。

Effect of pore structure on the seepage characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Fm reservoirs in the western Sichuan Basin

Tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by complex pore structures and strong heterogeneity, and their seepage characteristics are much different from those of conventional sandstone reservoirs. In this paper, the tight sandstone reservoirs of Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Fm in western Sichuan Basin were analyzed in terms of their pore structures by using the data about physical property, mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests. Then, the seepage characteristics and the gas–water two-phase migration mechanisms and distribution of tight sandstone reservoirs with different types of pore structures in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation and development were simulated by combining the relative permeability experiment with the visual microscopic displacement model. It is shown that crotch-like viscous fingering occurs in the process of gas front advancing in reservoirs with different pore structures. The better the pore structure is, the lower the irreducible water saturation is; the higher the gas relative permeability of irreducible water is, the more easily the gas reservoir can be developed; that at the late stage of development, the residual gas is sealed in reservoirs in the forms of bypass, cutoff and dead end; that in various reservoirs, the interference between gas and water is stronger, so gas and water tends to be produced simultaneously; and that the sealed gas may reduce the production rate of gas wells significantly, and the existence of water phase may reduce the gas permeability greatly, consequently, the water-bearing low-permeability tight sandstone gas reservoirs reveal serious water production, highly-difficult development and low-recovery percentage at the late stage, which have adverse impacts on the effective production and development of gas wells.