镇巴复杂山地地震成像质量影响因素及对策

镇巴区块二维地震采集资料具有信噪比低、叠加成像能力弱、构造成像精度差的特点。在分析研究影响地震成像质量因素的基础上，就如何提高本区地震成像质量进行了探讨，给出了一些对策和建议。研究表明，地表以及地下地质结构的双重复杂性是造成镇巴区块地震成像质量变差的根本原因；野外采集资料信噪比低、质量差以及处理中各个环节所用模型、参数或方法等方面存在的不足是造成成像质量变差的主要原因。开展针对复杂山地地震资料专项处理技术的研究以及叠前深度偏移技术和广角地震技术的应用是改善成像质量较为有效的途经。

Factors affecting seismic imaging quality and countermeasures for complex mountainous seismic exploration in Zhenba block

Seismic data from Zhenba block has the characteristics of low signal/noise ratio, weak stack images and poor structure definition. On the basis of an analysis of the factors affecting seismic imaging quality, the author discussed how to improve seismic imaging quality, and proposed some countermeasures. Research results show that the double complexities resulted from both variable surface condition and complex subsurface structure features are fatal to seismic imaging quality. And low signal/noise ratio, poor acquisition quality, as well as unsuitable models, parameters, and methods used in steps of data processing are the major factors degrading the imaging quality. For complex mountainous..seismic exploration, effective ways to improve seismic imaging quality is to develop special processing methods, and apply pre-stack depth migration and wide-angle seismic technique.