塔里木盆地油气勘探实践与发现规律探讨

塔里木盆地50多年的油气勘探历程分为3大时期、6个不同阶段.第一个时期主攻山前,主要是在构造圈闭理论指导下,以油苗为线索,以前陆盆地山前构造带为勘探对象,获得了油气的首次突破;第二个时期突破塔北,主要以岩性圈闭理论和碳酸岩盐生烃理论为指导,以克拉通古隆起、古斜坡为勘探对象,拉开了中国海相油气勘探的序幕;第三个时期立体勘探,主要以叠合盆地油气成藏理论为指导,以克拉通古隆起、古斜坡和前陆冲断褶皱带为勘探对象,形成了盆地的整体评价.盆地勘探实践表明,新理论、新认识是油气发现的基础,有目的层、不唯目的层是油气发现的催化剂,相邻、相似探区的启示是油气发现的捷径,工程技术进步是油气发现的桥梁,科学的勘探决策是加快油气发现的关键.目前,塔里木盆地油气产量已经超过了2000×10⁴t油当量,标志着塔里木油气勘探即将进入快速发现阶段,为实现中国油气资源的战略接替奠定了基础.

A discussion on gas and oil exploration activities and discovery patterns in the Tarim Basin

The history of oil and gas exploration in Tarim basin can be divided into three periods and six stages.Works in the first period were mainly focused on the piedmont structural belt of the basin.Guided by the structural trap theory and following the oil seepage as the clue,the first breakthrough in oil and gas exploration was achieved at the place.While during the second period,the northern Tarim basin was the focus of exploration.Guided by lithologic trap theory and carbonate source rocks theory,oil and gas exploration of marine facies began in China,with the cratonic paleo-uplift and paleo-slope as the main targets.The third period can be described as all-round exploration,which was carried out by taking the hydrocarbon accumulation theory of superimposed basin as the guidance and the cratonic paleo-uplift and paleo-slope as well as the foreland thrust fold belts as the exploration targets.During the process,a comprehensive appraisal system for the basin had been developed.The exploration practice in the basin shows that for oil and gas discovery,new theories and deeper understandings are the foundation;flexibility is the critical catalyst,enlightenment of the nearby analog prospecting region is the shortcut,advancement in engineering technology is the bridge,and the scientific decision-making for exploration is the key of speeding up.At present,oil and gas output from Tarim basin has already surpassed 20 000 000 tons of oil equivalent,symbolizing that oil and gas exploration in Tarim basin will soon enter the fast discovery stage and lying down the foundation for the realization of China's strategic replacement of oil and gas resources.