三江盆地地震地质条件及采集技术研究

位于中国东北境内的三江盆地，环境与气候十分恶劣，勘探程度低，地震地质条件复杂，以往采集的地震资料品质较差。为整体了解盆地结构，进一步评价盆地含油气情况，在分析三江盆地地震地质条件和以往资料存在的问题的基础上，针对多类型的表层结构、强屏蔽界面、低信噪比资料、复杂构造成像等方面的问题，进行了理论论证和地震采集技术研究。发现：①首先须做好低、降速带的调查及激发井深、岩性、药量的试验，以保证药柱在高速层顶面以下激发；②该区进行地震采集时，炮检距不宜过大；③须使地震波有足够的高频成分，以获取散射波。通过研究，解决了地震勘探采集中的难点，提高了地震资料单炮记录的品质，获得了浅、中、深地层成像清晰的地震剖面，取得了明显的地质效果。

Seismic geological conditions and explorationmethods research in Sanjiang Basin

With the extremely bad environment and climate, Sanjiang basin is located in the Northeast of China. The quality of former acquisition data was poor due to the complex seismic and geologic condition. In order to obtain an overall understanding on basin structure and appraise the petroleum prospect, after analyzing the seismic geologic condition and the problems in former data, theoretic proof and acquisition technique are studied in terms of multi-aspect surface structure, strong shield in- terface, low signal-to-noise ratio data and complex structure image. After resolving the difficulty in seismic acquisition by research, the quality of single record is enhanced. The seismic section with clear image from the shallow, medium and deep strata has been obtained.