发达国家碳中和主要行动及对我国的启示

碳达峰和碳中和是推动经济社会绿色转型和系统性深刻变革的重要途径，也是人类主动应对气候变化的有效手段。发达国家碳中和的主要政策管理手段和发展方式包括：制定政策和立法，明确与碳中和相关的关键问题；发展循环经济，推动工业和民用领域废品回收再生利用；健全和完善碳交易市场，推进碳金融产品创新。阐述了发达国家在电力、交通、建筑、工业4个主要领域推进碳中和采取的典型做法及新兴技术方向，氢能、CCUS和生物质能发展迅速。发达国家碳中和主要行动对我国有3点启示：一是积极构建适应我国碳中和目标的政策管理手段和发展方式，包括制定和完善我国碳中和的目标、时间表和路线图，加快发展循环经济，健全和完善碳交易市场等；二是分类施策，制定重点领域碳中和行动方案，制定符合国情的能源发展路径，推进交通领域结构性减排，推动建筑领域电气化，推进工业领域节能降耗等；三是积极发展氢能、CCUS、生物质等新兴技术和产业，助力碳中和目标实现。

Influence from Carbon Neutrality Actions of Developed Countries on China

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality are both an important way for green transition and systematic and profound transformation of the economic community and an effective means for the humanity to make active response to climatic changes. The main management policies and development methods for carbon neutrality in developed countries include formulation of policies and laws, identification of the key issues related carbon neutrality, development of cyclic economy recovery, re-production and re-utilization of waste products in the industrial and civilian areas, perfection of carbon-trading market, and innovation of carbon financial products. This article elaborates the typical methods and emerging technologies adopted by developed countries in the four main areas of electric power, transportation, construction and industry. It also briefs about rapid development of hydrogen energy, CCUS and biomass energy in developed countries. The influence of carbon neutrality actions in developed countries on China is reflected in three areas. First of all, the active efforts should be made for formulation of the management policies and development methods which are adapted to China’s carbon neutrality goal, including formulation and perfection of China’s carbon neutrality goal, timetable and roadmap, while accelerating development of the recycling economy and perfecting carbon trading market. Secondly, the action plans should be made in classification and focused on the key areas, formulating the energy development route suitable for the Chinese conditions, improving the structural emission reduction in the transportation area, promoting the electrification process in the building area, and raising energy efficiency in the industrial area. Thirdly, the active efforts should be committed to development of the emerging technology and industry like hydrogen energy, CCUS, and biomass, helping bring about the carbon neutrality goal.