超稠油SAGD/VHSD高效开发创新技术与发展趋势

我国陆上超稠油油藏储量丰富，但因在油层条件下原油呈“固态”，油藏非均质性强，常规热采技术难以有效开发。中国石油集团经过近15年持续攻关，创新强非均质超稠油油藏泄油理论方法，创建强非均质超稠油蒸汽辅助重力立体泄油系统，研发高温高压钻采工艺体系，配套高温复杂采出液水/热循环利用等系列技术，形成了适合于我国陆相强非均质超稠油油藏高效开发的蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术（SAGD/VHSD）。新一代超稠油油藏高效开发和提高采收率的主体开发技术支持了新疆浅层超稠油油藏的高效开发和辽河油田中深层超稠油油藏提高采收率工程建设，支撑了稠油千万吨稳产。“双碳”背景下，超稠油开发技术将主要向原位改质，电加热辅助蒸汽，风、光、氢储联合产生蒸汽等绿色环保的技术体系发展。

Innovative Technology and Development Trend for Efficient SAGD/VHSD Development of Super-heavy Oil

China is rich in onshore super-heavy oil resources. However, it is difficult for the conventional thermal recovery technology to bring the resources under effective development owing to the “solid state” of in-situ oil and strong heterogeneity of the reservoirs. Based on tenacious research for 15 years China National Petroleum Corporation has developed a series of technologies for super-heavy oil development, such as the theoretical method for oil drainage of strong-heterogeneous super-heavy oil, the dual-horizontal steam-assisted gravity drainage/vertical-horizontal steam drainage (SAGD/VHSD) technology, the high-temperature and high-pressure production process system, and high temperature and complex produced liquid/heat recycling technology, thus establishing the SAGD/VHSD technology suitable for efficient development of China’s onshore strong-heterogeneous and super-heavy oil. With the help of the new-generation efficient super-heavy oil development and EOR technology, the shallow super-heavy oil reservoirs were brought under efficient development in Xinjiang oilfield while the middle-deep super-heavy oil reservoirs came under EOR engineering construction in Liaohe oilfield, helping keep the heavy oil production stable at 10 million tons. Under the background of “carbon peaking and carbon neutral”, the super-heavy oil development is in transition to green environmental technological system, such as in-situ upgrading, electric heating assisted steam, and wind, solar energy and hydrogen combined to generate steam.