油／水界面张力快速测定方法的研究及应用

为了简便、快速、可靠地测定表面活性剂对原油/水界面张力的影响,室内根据滴体积法原理建立了一套快速测定油/水界面张力的装置,并对该装置测定结果的影响因素、平行性及可靠性进行了检验。结果表明,滴落速度对测定结果的影响较大,滴落速度应≥5秒/滴。该方法平行性较好,相对误差小于2%,苯/水体系测定误差小于1%,可以用于测定油/水体系界面张力。室内用该方法考察了生物表面活性剂、鼠李糖脂工业品、化学防蜡剂加量对原油/水界面张力的影响,得到3种药剂的最佳加药量分别为5%、4%、4%,相同加量下的药剂界面活性顺序为:化学防蜡剂>生物表面活性剂>鼠李糖脂工业品。图1表5参4

Research and Application of Fast Method to Determine Interfacial Tension of Oil/Water

In order to simple,rapid and reliable determine the effect of surfactants on the oil/water interfacial tension,a set of apparatus which could rapidly determine interfacial tension of oil/water was built according to the rule of drop volume method.Influential factor,parallelization and reliability of determination results were examined.Experiment results showed that dripping speed had a big impact on the result of determination,which should be greater than or equal to five seconds each drop.Parallelization of the way was good,and the relative error was less than 2%.The determination error of benzene/water system was less than 1%,which indicated that this method could be used to determine the interfacial tension of the oil/water system.The effects of biological surfactant,rhamnoilpid industrial and chemical paraffin inhibitor on interfacial tension of crude oil/water were investigated by the way.The optimal dosage of three inhibitors were of 5%,4%,4%,respectively.Three drugs were arranged according to their influence on interfacial tension at the same dosage in following order: chemical paraffin inhibitor>biological surfactant>rhamnoilpid industrial.