自动垂直钻井工具分类及发展现状

从石油钻井和地质钻探两方面阐述了自动垂直钻井技术的原理及优点,按照不同结构及工作原理对自动垂直钻井工具做出分类,并简要分析了各类工具的优缺点。随后在上述分类基础上系统归纳了国内外现有垂直钻井工具及其技术特点,剖析了国内外自动垂直钻井工具之间的技术差距。最后总结出自动垂直钻井工具存在的问题,指出工具今后的发展趋势为小型化、可取心、高精度和长寿命,并对其未来的研究思路与方法提出建议:对执行机构零部件结构和布局进行优化,在减小工具外径的同时增大工具内部空间,使工具在小口径井眼垂直钻进的同时还能进行取心作业;对电控式垂直钻井工具的测控传感器及其密封系统进行优化改进,使工具整体耐温耐压性能得到提高;对机械式垂直钻井工具的偏重平台在井下复杂环境下的响应规律进行研究,并探索相应的误差抑制补偿方法,以提高工具的井斜控制精度。

Classification and Development Status of Automatic Vertical Drilling Tools

The principle and advantages of automatic vertical drilling technology are introduced from the aspects of oil drilling and geological drilling.The automatic vertical drilling tools are classified according to different structures and working principles,and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of tools are briefly analyzed.Based on the classification,the vertical drilling tools and their technical characteristics are summarized systematically.The domestic and foreign technical gap of the automatic vertical drilling tool is analyzed.Finally,the problems of automatic vertical drilling tools and the development trend in the future are summarized.Miniaturization,coring capacity,high precision and long life are the development trend.Suggestions for future research ideas and methods include:optimization of the structure and layout of actuator components;reducing the outer diameter of the tool while increasing the internal space of the tool,thus enabling coring while vertically drilling in a small diameter wellbore;optimizing the measurement and control sensor and the sealing system of the electronically controlled vertical drilling tool to improve the overall temperature and pressure resistance;studying the response law of the heavy platform of the mechanical vertical drilling tool in complex downhole environment,and exploring the corresponding error suppression compensation method to improve the accuracy of the tool’s inclination control.