深层与露头碳酸盐岩岩溶洞穴对比及类比——以塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系良里塔格组古岩溶洞穴与美国德克萨斯州Longhorn近现代岩溶洞穴为例

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系良里塔格组发育特征性的喀斯特地貌和地下古岩溶洞穴系统。通过地震、钻井、测井、岩心、薄片及生产资料的综合运用表征了该古岩溶洞穴系统特征及控制因素，并将其与美国德克萨斯州Marble Falls地区第四系Longhorn近现代典型的表生岩溶洞穴进行了对比。结果表明，哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系良里塔格组古洞穴完全垮塌并形成上覆地层凹陷；古洞穴充填物受陆源碎屑影响并被强烈压实，有效孔隙少，储层物性较差；古洞穴系统平面上呈网状，但古洞穴主干具有直线形态；古洞穴多期发育；控制古洞穴发育的因素有地表暴露、断裂及裂缝等。古岩溶洞穴和近现代岩溶洞穴存在共性和个性：两者在垮塌和压实特征方面存在不同，但在充填特征、洞穴形态、形成期次和控制因素方面均类似，说明两者可类比，即良里塔格组内部的古洞穴系统属于典型的表生岩溶系统。古今岩溶洞穴的对比和类比在研究塔里木盆地奥陶系良里塔格古岩溶洞穴特征、发育形态及期次、控制因素等方面具有参考价值。

Comparison and analog of the deep-buried and outcrop carbonate karst cave systems： Case study of the Lianglitage Formation karst cave system， Halahatang Oilfield， Tarim Basin， China and the Longhorn modern karst cave system， Texas， USA

The Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Halahatang area， Tarim Basin， China， developed featured paleokarst topography and the subsurface paleokarst-cave systems. This study comprehensively utilized seismic data， core and thin section data， logging data and production data to characterize the features and controlling factors of the paleokarst-cave system in the Lianglitage Formation in the Halahatang area. This paleo-cave system was then compared with the Longhorn typical epigenic karst cave system in Marble Falls， Texas， USA. The results show that the paleokarst caves in the Halahatang Ordovician Liangliatage Formaiton experienced complete collapse and formed sags in the overlying strata. The infill of the paleo-cave system was influenced by the terrestrial debris and was strongly compact， leading to no effective pores. The paleo-cave system shows reticular style on plan view on the whole but its trunks are rectilinear. The paleo-cave system experienced multi-period development. Subaerial exposure， faults and fractures were the main controlling factors. The paleokarst-cave system and the modern karst cave system have commonalities as well as individualities. They are different in collapse and compaction features， but are similar in sediment filling， cave pattern， forming periods， collapse and controlling factors， which further demonstrates that they can be analogous. Therefore， the paleokarst-cave system inside of the Lianglitage Formation was typically epigenic. Comparison and analog of paleokarst and modern karst caves provide valuable reference for the research of paleo-caves regarding the features， development patterns and periods as well as the controlling factors in the Ordovician Lianglitage Formation， Tarim Basin.