多相催化中的纳米材料和纳米构筑

从多相催化作用中的关键效应、纳米材料的特异性能、纳米材料的尺寸和形貌可控制备以及纳米结构可控建构等方面,对近年来纳米材料与技术在多相催化中的研究和应用进展进行了综述。列举了纳米材料与技术在能源催化、光催化和石油化工领域以及重要反应的催化剂、分子筛限域催化剂和生物催化剂等方面的应用实例。指出纳米粉体材料最有可能在纳米催化剂中获得实际应用,而具有一定形貌、尺寸、晶型或晶面的单金属纳米催化剂最有可能在纳米结构与催化效应关联上得到深入剖析,兼具均相和多相催化剂优点的纳米生物催化剂则是今后应特别加以关注的研究方向。此外,还讨论了不同水平上的纳米催化剂的定义,提出了今后在纳米催化的基础研究与应用研究细节方面应重视的问题。

Nano-Materials and Nano-Architecture in Heterogeneous Catalysis

The up to date progress of research and application of nano-materials and nano-technology in heterogeneous catalysis were reviewed focusing on the creative effects in heterogeneous catalysis,the very special properties,the tailoring of size and shape of the nano-materials,and controllable architecturing of the nano-structure.The practical examples of applying nano-materials and nano-technology in the energy-source-catalysis,photocatalysis and petrochemical fields as well as in catalysts used in important reactions,zeolite-restrained catalysts and biocatalysts were presented.The nano-powder materials are the most promising to be applied for nano-catalysts.The deep insight of the relationship between the nano-structure and catalysis will be achieved by prior investigation on single-metal nano-catalysts with specific shape,size,crystalline form or plane.Particular attention must also be paid to nanobiocatalysts that have advantages of both homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis.Moreover,the definitions of nano-catalysts were discussed at different levels,and important details in foundation research and application research were suggested.