石油污染土壤微生物群落分布特征

采用高通量测序法研究东营某炼油厂不同污染程度的土壤中细菌、真菌和古菌的群落结构，分析石油污染对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明：微生物群落可操作分类单元(OTU)数量随着油污土壤油含量的增加先增多后减少；Beta多样性与土壤石油污染程度有一定的关系；受污染程度相近的土壤样品，微生物群落结构的相似度较高。细菌、真菌、古菌群落中相对丰度最大的分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)，分别为44.8%～79.5%、54.4%～83.2%和28.3%～93.1%。属水平群落聚类分析结果显示，随着土壤油含量增加，真菌踝节菌属(Talaromyces)的相对丰度由0增加到31.6%，细菌寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)由0.1%增加到1.9%，古菌甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)由5.8%增加到37.8%。微生物群落结构与土壤中烃类组分含量相关性分析发现，真菌炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)、细菌节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、古菌盐红菌属(Halorubrum)与烷烃含量呈显著正相关性，细菌甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)、古菌甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)与芳香烃含量呈显著正相关性。

Distribution Characteristics of the Microbial Community in Oil-Contaminated Soil

The high throughput sequencing method was used to study the community structures of bacteria, fungi and archaea in the soil samples with different oil pollution degrees from a refinery located in Dongying, and to analyze the effect of oil pollution on the soil microbial community structures. The results show that the Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number of the microbial community increases first and then decreases when increasing the oil content of the soil samples, and the Beta diversity has a certain relationship with the oil pollution degree of the soil samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Ascomycota and Thaumarchaeota is the highest in bacteria, fungi and archaea communities, which are 44.8%-79.5%, 54.4%-83.2% and 28.3%-93.1%, respectively. The results of cluster analysis of genus level community show that with the increase of the oil content in the soil samples, the relative abundance of Talaromyces in fungus increases from 0 to 31.6%, the Stenotrophomonas in bacterial increases from 0.1% to 1.9%, and the Methanosarcina in archaeal increases from 5.8% to 37.8%. The correlation analysis between the microbial community structures and the different hydrocarbons content in the soil samples shows that Colletotrichum， Arthrobacter and Halorubrum are significantly positively correlated with the normal alkane content, and Methylobacterium and Methanosarcina are significantly positively correlated with the aromatic hydrocarbons content.