不同温度下石油污染土壤中石油降解菌群的实验研究

 为强化石油污染土壤的微生物修复技术，结合微生物纯培养技术和分子生物学方法，分析了石油污染土壤样品中微生物经不同温度（10℃和25℃）以石油为碳源驯化后的群落结构变化。从数量看，10℃条件下驯化土壤的细菌浓度 (6.2×105CFU／mL)低于25℃条件下下驯化土壤细菌浓度(4×108 CFU／mL)3个数量级；从组成看，25℃驯化的土壤群落中分离得到8种细菌，优势菌为Rhizobium（根瘤菌）和Bacillus（芽孢杆菌）；10℃驯化的土壤中分离得到11种细菌，优势菌为Arthrobacter（节细菌属）和Halomonas（嗜盐菌属），10℃条件下的群落组成更具有多样性。可见，不同驯化温度对油污土壤微生物群落的组成具有较强的影响，低温条件下，微生物数量减少，但多样性反而可能增加；2种温度条件群落组成的相似性低。本研究为石油污染土壤的生物修复提供了菌种资源，并对菌剂投加中微生物群落组成的调控提供理论依据。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON OIL-DEGRADATION MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES FROM OIL-CONTAMINATED SOIL AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Pure culture techniques and molecular biological methods were used to analyze the different community structures of domesticated oil-contaminated soil cultured at 10℃ and 25℃ with the substrate of oil. The total bacterial concentration in oil-contaminated soil cultured at 10℃ was 6.2×10~5 CFU/mL,while the total bacterial concentration cultured at 25℃ was 4× 10~8 CFU/mL. By the random sequencing technique 8 kinds of bacteria isolated from domesticated oil-contaminated soil cultured at 25℃ were identified, in which the dominant bacteria were Rhizobium and Bacillus. Meanwhile, and 11 kinds of bacteria isolated from domesticated oil-contaminated soil cultured at 10℃ were identified, in which the dominant bacteria were Arthrobacter and Halomonas. It was obvious that the community composition obtained at 10℃ was more diverse than that at 25℃, which showed that temperature had a strong impact on the composition of soil microbial communities. This study provided the oil-degradation bacteria resource and community information for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.